The deadly mix of substance use and farm machinery
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EmailContent warning: This article includes discussions of substance use, injuries, and violent deaths, which may be distressing to some readers. Additionally, some cited sources contain graphic descriptions; readers are encouraged to proceed with caution.
Farming is one of the toughest professions, demanding long hours, sharp focus, and the ability to handle high-risk situations. Whether it’s operating heavy machinery or working with large animals, even minor changes in coordination or reaction times can increase risks. In this context, it’s important to recognize how substances such as alcohol, medications, or other drugs might impact farm safety.
Studies have indicated a link between alcohol use and higher rates of on-farm injuries and fatalities – not as a judgement on individual choices, but as a recognition that even small amounts of substances can alter coordination and reaction times. This is a universal observation noted in the United States but in other countries.
Here in Michigan, researchers at Michigan State University’s Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine are examining the root causes of agricultural workplace injuries. Their work is focused on exploring ways to improve safety and support farmers in making choices that best align with their well-being.
Real-world consequences
Stories from farming communities, including here in Michigan, highlight the real risks of substance use in agriculture. While not all fatal incidents undergo toxicology testing and non-fatal injuries may go unreported, 29 Michigan farming deaths between 2002 and 2021 were linked to a non-zero blood alcohol content (BAC). Detailed investigations into incidents in 2002 and 2017 are available on the Michigan State Fatality Assessment & Control Evaluation Program (MIFACE) website. Although these reports can be graphic, they serve as a reminder that impaired operation of machinery can have far-reaching consequences across families, farms, and communities.
These stories are not about pointing fingers of blame or shame for substance use. Instead, they acknowledge the challenges of balancing the demands of farming with personal well-being, and they stress that even minor impairments can have serious outcomes. Small, intentional actions — like taking breaks, leaning on support systems, and staying mindful of safety protocols — can save lives.
Choices for a safer farm
Farm safety is a shared responsibility. While no one is perfect and each farmer’s situation is unique, here are a few practical suggestions:
- Avoid substances or manage substance use around high-risk tasks. If you choose to use substances, be aware that even small amounts can impact your coordination. Consider avoiding alcohol or other substances before or during high-risk tasks. Always read prescription medication labels for potential side effects such as impaired vision or slowed reaction times.
- Maintain your equipment. Regular safety checks and diligent equipment maintenance reduce the risk of unexpected malfunctions.
- Take breaks, especially during long workdays. Fatigue is a common cause of mistakes. Short pauses can help you recharge and refocus.
- Use personal protective equipment. Items like gloves, goggles and hearing protection might seem small, but they play an important role in reducing injury risks.
- Stay current on certifications like pesticide licenses. Keeping up to date ensures you are informed about the latest safety practices.
- Establish and follow safety protocols. Simple steps, like ensuring someone is nearby during high-risk tasks, can save lives. Working alone in potentially dangerous situations increases risk.
We all face pressure to push through or cut corners, and our goal is to support you making choices that reduce risk while respecting your personal circumstances.
Healthy ways to manage stress
Stress is a constant in farming, and many people have used alcohol to unwind or escape the pressures of daily life. However, using alcohol and other substances can disrupt sleep, heighten anxiety, and negatively impact overall well-being. Consider reflecting on what has worked for you in the past to manage feelings of stress – whether it was attending social events with other farmers or community events, taking breaks, or leaning on a trusted support system. Sometimes, managing stress is about revisiting and strengthening these social and personal habits, rather than using substances. There are also resources available to make drinking alcohol safer and ways to change how much and when you drink.
You can explore new strategies to manage stress. Talking with a friend, family member, or counselor can provide relief, while physical activity, mindfulness, or deep breathing can help you recharge and stay focused.
MSU Extension offers stress management courses and free counseling services tailored to farmers, and in a crisis, calling 988 connects you to immediate support. Asking for help is a sign of strength and a step toward a safer, healthier future for yourself and those around you.
Together, we can build a safer future
Farming is a shared effort, and the challenges faced by one farmer are often felt across the community. By prioritizing safety and working together to address stress, we can foster stronger, more resilient agricultural practices. Whether it’s through sharing experiences, supporting one another, or adopting safer habits, every small step contributes to a healthier farming community.
You are not alone on this journey. Together, we can work together to cultivate a safer, more sustainable future for farming and for the generations to come.
Opportunities to connect
Michigan State University Extension also offers a variety of programming and resources to support yourself or loved ones undergoing mental health distress. MSU Extension offers programs such as Mental Health First Aid, which can teach you how to support someone who is experiencing a mental health challenge or crisis.
For those in the agriculture industry and their families, resources and information can be found at the Managing Farm Stress website. These resources include teletherapy services, the free virtual training Rural Resilience, the AgrAbility project, which supports people with disabilities working in agriculture and more.
