MSU Extension Agriculture

Genetically modified organism (GMO) is sometimes referred to as genetically engineered (GE), bioengineered (BE) or genetically modified (GM). A GMO is a plant, animal, or other organism that has had a gene from another organism transferred into it as an addition or a replacement. The goal of the new gene is to produce a helpful trait or characteristic in the modified organism, such as disease resistance, drought tolerance, or improved nutritional value. Conventional breeding lacks this kind of precise control.

What Foods are Considered GMOs?

Federal regulators have approved 11 GMO crops for sale in the United States as of 2019.

• Corn (field and sweet)
• Soybeans
• Cotton
• Alfalfa
• Sugar beets
• Canola
• Papaya
• Summer Squash
• Innate potatoes
• Pink pineapple
• Non-browning Arctic apples

Note: Most soybeans, field and sweet corn grown in the U.S. are genetically modified. Only a few varieties of the other crops on the list are genetically modified.

In 2018, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) passed the National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard to establish a standard for labeling GMO products. Beginning in 2020, these foods must be labeled with text, a symbol, an electronic link or a phone number for more information as mandated by the USDA.

Are GMOs Safe to Eat?

Scientific research conducted to date has shown that there are no hazards associated with eating GMOs.

GMOs are Regulated

• The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the safety of GMOs
• All commercially available GMOs in the U.S. have been through a consultation process and received FDA approval

GMOs are Safety Tested

• It is unlawful for anyone to market unsafe food
• GMOs are tested to avoid the addition of known allergens

Why Use GMOs?

Increase Productivity

• Ease of production
• Reducing the cost of production
• Improves crop quality

Increase Food Access

• Increased yield = increased availability
• Make food more appealing
• Reduce food waste

Reduce Carbon Footprint

• Reduce fuel usage
• Reduce the use of toxic pesticides
• Improve ground water quality

Nutrition & Medical Enhancements

• Develop insulin
• Address nutrition deficiencies