MSU Extension Animal Agriculture

I'm here to introduce the next session, but before we jump in, I'd like us to give a round of applause to thank John Deere and Hutson for sponsoring this session. Thank you so much to our speakers. For this session, we have John McGee from Michigan Valley Irrigation, presenting on manure application equipment, Nelson Knobloch and Brad Peet from John Deere and Hutson, presenting on real-time nutrient application technology. And we'll wrap up with Steve Hoffman from InDepth Agronomy presenting on live GPS mobile hazard maps. So John, I'm going to hand this over to you. - All right, good afternoon, everyone, John McGee, Michigan Valley. The theme of my presentation here today is, stay out of the news. (light laughter) Like it or not, when you guys screw up, it makes headlines, and it's not just local headlines. All of these are ones that I was personally aware of, and guys I know. We also get national scrutiny. This would be the toxic algae bloom in Lake Erie. You've got two different opinions on it. You've got a study out of U of M saying that after Lake Huron, it's the Detroit Wastewater Treatment Plant and the Thames River watershed in Ontario. You've also got farms in six Southeast Michigan counties are the major source of Lake Erie toxic algae bloom. And this all comes down to phosphorus. The toxic algae comes down to phosphorus in excess, reacting with ultraviolet light, and it's a big deal on a national level. It's why Home Depot can't sell real fertilizer. Buffer strips are a great way to mitigate this, but ultimately, we have to do brayer melate methods, calculate P205 loading and actually use the science behind how we're going to not contribute to this problem. So three rules with manure: Don't cut corners, use the good stuff, use the stainless steel, use the high pressure PVC. Lots of comments about Dutch dairy farmers we could throw out there. But every single year I get a couple of phone calls and it's always kind of the same story. My pit is three inches from overflowing, some critical piece is broken and there's rain in the forecast. So we're coming in and we're coming up with band-aid solutions we're putting diesel pumpers in to replace a pump. But really if we have a robust solution and we have some contingencies in place, we can prevent a lot of this. So we'll look at three methods here, do a little analysis, we'll look at tankers, we'll look at drag line, we'll look at pivots in 15 minutes. We can't get too crazy in depth, so we'll keep it pretty high level. Tankers, pros and cons, least investment to get a long way. Excellent solids handling, minimal overall infrastructure required, but it is the highest liability, in my opinion, the highest cost per gallon, the highest labor demand. You really can't do it when you're corn's six feet tall and compaction. Compaction is really a pretty big deal. The Canadians do a lot of study on soil compaction and probably the biggest takeaway I got out of that recently was a larger rolling radius wheel has more impact than a wider, and more impact's the wrong word. Larger rolling radius is more beneficial to compaction than a wider wheel. When we look at the drag lines and the hard hoses, much lower compaction, high volumes, it's fast to get out there, you can incorporate immediately and certainly more mobile than pivots, but less mobile than tankers. The expense in your infrastructure to get two miles down the road is probably the biggest item. I mean, if you have to account for buying the tractors, buying the pumps, the booster pumps, if you want a mile of 10 inch, 200 pound PVC today, that's going to run you about a hundred thousand dollars. And that's materials cost before installation. It ought to last 20 to 30 years, but if you want to set up to go a couple miles down the road, it's a big initial investment. Then you look at items like pivots, solid set items, hard hose travelers. So lowest labor, most of these can be run by one guy or completely autonomous off a computer program. Very reliable. They don't break down nearly as often, but you can do it all season long. You can put it on, when the corn is six feet tall, when the actually once the nitrogen and phosphorous uptake, but there's really no mobility to it at all. Whatever field you put these in is where they live, and you better have a lot of acres really close to home if you're going to try and do it all this way. Really, pretty much everyone we deal with has some combination of multiple of these in order to get the job done. A little bit of an exception to the Rain 360 that we'll touch on. It actually does have two and a half inch solids handling capability. I'll get offended if you recognize some of these pictures for some of you out there, but when we try and do it through the pivots, we have to compromise on our sprinklers. A new clear liquid sprinkler package today is about 97% efficient in uniform. When we have to use an angle or a high angle impact, which are in the pictures here, we're getting down to about a 60% efficiency in uniformity at best. It's also a lot of high aerosol, so not great to do when you're close to neighbors. Ultimately, we really dislike putting manure through corner arms, anything with a valve actuation. We can try and use air compressors to actuate valves instead of the materials but even a pressure regulator standard to a pivot really doesn't like stringy material. So we run into a lot of headaches. We end up taking your pressure regulators off the pivot. This is kind of a new, well, it is a very new product, we don't even have one in the state of Michigan yet, but Greg Solder the guy that invented precision planning before he sold that to, well after he sold it to Monsanto, this is his new pet project. And it's doing a wide drop application, it's in season, it's got an inline chopper unit, and I could see this being very beneficial to a lot of our small dairies, small pit guys where you can stick this out in the field. It's going to be autonomous RTK and get rid of a small volume, but it does not go from field to field, even to the extent a hard hose traveler will. So you get half an inch application over 80 acres in a week, and that's about it. So do a little cost comparison. This is a dated ROI comparison. The ratios are probably all still accurate, but I bet everything's doubled. Maybe the drag guy line guys can speak to it, but I don't know if anybody can do it for half a cent a gallon anymore. But ultimately what we say is that your tankers are going to be the most expensive. Your drag line's going to be significantly less expensive, and the infrastructure to actually run it through a pivot once everything's in there is going to be your least expensive. There's a lot of variability to tankers as to the expense and cost per gallon. And the Rain 360 really comes in about the same as a pivot. When you look at the lifespan of this stuff, these are questions for you guys. I don't have the answers. Replacing tankers how often? Again, a lot of variability in that one. Drag hose? You sure wish it lasted a lot longer for what it costs. Replacing pumps. If you're going to bed with sand, you're going to eat impellers, you can cough out the big money and you can do the wide iron impellers, gives you about 10 times the life, but at some point you are still spending $26,000 to rebuild or replace that thing. I can say with great personal experience that a Valley 8000 Pivot will go about 25 years pumping hog manure through it twice a year before it rots the pipe to the point that it is irreparable and needs replaced. And I know that because we've done about four of 'em in the last two years and those pivots all went in at the same time. And it's guys without a fresh water source and they're just pumping out the sow manure from underneath the barns twice a year, once in the spring, once in the fall. So why do we want to do it? I mean, this is liquid money, 70 to 80% of the nitrogen, 60 to 85% of the phosphorus, and 80 to 90% of the potassium will just pass right through that animal and come right back out in the manure. So there is a lot of nutrients to be garnered from this. Kind of our gold standard would be to apply it to the field when those crops in the field actually need it. Now nitrogen takes time to break down to a usable form. This graph is high level, this is the actual percent of uptake of nitrogen through the growth stage of the corn. So your early stages, it doesn't need a whole lot. Once you get up to VT, it really wants that nitrogen in there. So ideally, when the corn's six feet tall in the middle of July is when we're going to start applying those nutrients. Water's the same way, when you put the water on, depending on the crop and the time of year, at its max you're going to use about a third of an inch a day in the uptake to the corn. So you can put on 1.8 inches a week and that's going to be immediately taken up. Some of the equipment, we got to ask questions when we go to a site, are we trying to move the liquids or are we trying to move the solids? Are we trying to move both? Don't have time to get into detail on all the parts here. And then you got the required options. Put chemigation valves, reduce pressure assemblies on anything that's connected to fresh water. That keeps you out of trouble with Eagle. Swing Check Valves are great, but they are not an approved backflow prevention device. These are some of the fun toys we have. I pretty much run out my time at this point, but floating river screens, these guys are surface water. I still have five minutes? Cool. Ah, we'll put a TEFC motor on these. There's no priming of the pump. You can remote start it with your cell phone. Certainly when it comes down to any kind of centrifugal pumping out of the pits, priming seems to be the worst of it. So we absolutely love these things but they're a little pricey. On the telemetry side, everybody's got one or it's coming. So there is no good reason to not have active monitoring of your pumps, your pressures and your applications and the ability to either shut it down with your phone or for it to automatically shut itself down with the phone. Hot Shots are 900 megahertz if you don't have any cell service in the area. And I just grabbed two other ones. We do the AgSense. Picture of that Ring 360 unit. It's actually going to follow the 30 inch spacing of your rows. We lay it out by putting the little monitoring device on your planner, so it goes up and down the rows, reels in and reels back out, and you want to be this guy and not that guy. I guess we'll take questions in a bit. - We have Nelson and Brad talking about real-time nutrient application technology. - Awesome, well welcome, everybody. I'm the Hay and Forage specialist for kind of the Eastern Great Lakes region, which means that ManureSense technology falls into kind of my bucket of products, so. - And then I'm Brad Peet, I actually work for Hudson Incorporated out of the St. Louis store. Been working with Nelson for a few years on this stuff, and I do have several customers that are using it, and had really great luck with it. So we'll kind of explain it out to you guys. - Yep, so we'll start a little bit, kind of high level overview of what we're talking about today. So just kind of informational on the John Deere constituent sensing system. So how many of you guys have heard of HarvestLab before? Ring a few bells? Okay. Yeah. HarvestLab itself, and this didn't come out yesterday necessarily or anything, it's been around for a little while, right? We've had this on fork harvesters for quite a while and a high level overview: Basically what we're using is a near infrared sensor to detect moisture as well as different constituent levels in the crop. As it's running through the fork harvester, and then beyond that, we can then measure and document each of those different constituent levels as we go throughout the field. The sensor takes about 4,000 readings a second. So there's quite a bit of data being collected at once and we're kind of amortizing that in and you'll see that in the field as you're going across with your work. So pretty high accuracy we would say, right? So plus or minus two percentage points to maybe what a lab test would say and that'll just vary depending on what you're looking at. So a little bit of deeper theory of operations, right? So near infrared, we're kind of close to the visible light spectrum. We're not into necessarily medium or far IR, but kind of right there in that level where we can read molecular energy. And so basically what's going on, you'll see this little graph down here in the bottom is we're reflecting a light source. There's a halogen bulb inside that sensor that's reflecting that into our product flow. So, manure or forage or whatever that is, right? And then I have the sensors kind of mounted at a reflecting angle. And so as that light source bounces off, it'll actually receive those into those sensors and there's individual sensors for each one of those constituents. They're all read at a specific light absorbance level. And that's how I'm able to take those readings as I'm going across the field. So basically there's a couple different curves depending on what you're reading and you load those in. If you have the selector correctly, you should get accurate readings in that way. So on manure sensing specifically, right? I'm able to take the same sensor that I can use in a couple different applications, whether that's in the feed box and I'm doing stationary in the bunkhouse, I'm throwing full forward samples in there, or my forage harvester, and I can put this on my manure application rig, whether that's a drag line system or a tanker. And I can start to not only document the volume that I'm running, but also start to look at my nitrogen levels, potassium, phosphorus, and dry matter as I'm running across the field. So I'm able to document all six of those layers, I can see what those are and make changes on the fly depending on what that sensor is reading. So here in the US it's approved for cattle and hog manure, typically the dry matter percentage we see and recommend is somewhere between 1.5 and 12%. So it catches most of what most guys are applying. If you're running with a Deere tractor specifically, we can start to leverage speed control as well, right? So say I set a target of 5,000 gallons per acre, but I want to vary that depending on the flow that I'm getting or certain levels of constituents. So I can set that up to adjust my speed, right? So I have a constant flow and then I can adjust that speed on the fly automatically. In competitor tractors, you can set it up as a, what we call manual speed control. So it'll give you a speed recommendation and then it's up to your operator to adjust that speed on the fly. The other thing that we can set up with the system is target and limit values, right? So if I have that target rate, let's call it 5,000 gallons to the acre, I would input that level into my display. And we've heard a lot about managing our correct application rates today, right? So maybe I don't want to put more than 40 pounds of phosphorus to the acre on. I can actually put a limit factor in there, so the system will then try to achieve whatever my target was without exceeding that ceiling level that I put in as one of my nutrients. And you can set that up on any of those six within the display. And then your speed control can manage that as you're moving as well. The other advanced option that you can put on this system, it's on tankers specifically, if you'd rather run a constant speed and vary your flow, you can leverage a rate controller and we can do flow control mode on a tanker system and then it'll monitor that at the valve versus with the vehicle speed. So couple different just examples, some of these are coming from across the pond as far as the setups that you can set this on. But basically we're just installing this sensor in your main supply tube. Typically we're setting this up on either a six inch or eight inch pipe, just as long as you have constant contact on that sensor. It's a pretty universal application in that sense. And then here's just a quick look at what that sensor UI kind of looks like a little bit when you're running on your display. So you'll see your flow mode on there, kind of there in the top center, you'll see your speed control set up as far as what the target and your actual speed is and making adjustments on the go. You'll see here in these two boxes, that's setting your target and your limit rate and then it'll tell you what those actual ratings are down along the bottom so you can see all your monitoring, diagnostics, et cetera as you're in application. And then you can always go back and review your documentation after the fact. - You want me take over now? - Sure. - All right, so I think Nelson pretty well covered the UI on part of that. That works with any of the John Deere 26, 30 Gen 5s, Gen 4s and it's not limited to John Deere equipment, just like Nelson talked about. All right, we can put this in pretty much anything if it's Case New Holland, Massey Ferguson, whatever, right. It'll work in all of that. And it's not really restricted to any specific toolbar or Hoon tankers or anything like that, right? As long as we have the right pipe size, we can manufacture our own setups to make sure that we can put that in. Here's just kind of a constituent overview, just like Nelson was talking about earlier. We have these six different things that we can do, whether it's hog or dairy, they also do biogas. Less of that around here than I've seen or had people ask us about. Then the other piece above it was just for the porch harvester aspect of it with constituents that can be read that way as well. So this kind of goes back to, I think it was Eric talking about, documentation is our best friend as far as whether it's setting up with our customers on the money scale part of it or DEQ that's trying to get in and figure out what days you did what, weather and things like that. So obviously we pride ourselves with our data management. So what we have out here is, it's just one of the layers that we've showed from a customer. You can see here, this is where the HarvestLab actually documented it. This is applied rate in this case. So you can see based on those color schemes there in the top left, roughly what his applied rate was going through the field. So you can map this, whether it's the nitrogen or the phosphorus rate, dry matter, any of that can be mapped in here. So you can take that from year to year and test it against your soil sampling. So you actually have a direct line of input to see in what each part of the field that I put my nitrogen or my phosphorus or dry matter or any of that. Trying to get anything else, there. And you can take all this data from year to year as well. So if you want to have a five year overview or five year average or any of that, you can compare these from year to year from each field. And you can have these from multiple sources. So if you had say, five tankers in this field running, it'll merge all that stuff together so it makes one ads applied map for you, things of that nature. Come on... I broke it. Hold on. Come on. There we go. Yay! And all this information that you're seeing is all tracked in operations center. So again, it is kind of just an overview of what I've kind of already talked about and obviously we're hoping to take this data to help you further make those better decisions later as far as what you're yielding or what you'd like to see be yielded in your field. I'm not going to go into super in depth of a lot of the other stuff that operations center is going to be, we can do a lot with it, more than just the field mapping, but you can also write your prescriptions out of it that you can send into the UI on the display that we talked about earlier as far as mapping all that. Whether you want it to be mapped, excuse me, prescriptions for the nitrogen or phosphorus or your rate, any of that can be mapped in there and done with a prescription. Kind of got ahead of myself there, I think. Wrap it up. You got anything else to add? - Yeah, so just kind of like tagging that in, like Brad was saying with our documentation layers, right? If I know what I've put down I can make management decisions on how much more fertilizer do I need to come back and add potentially. And I think you can start to draw some pretty quick conclusions on where you can maybe provide value in those situations. So you can't manage what you can't measure to start with. So those are always some beneficial pieces. And a lot of time, and I think it was this morning, they were talking about the value of when I have better quality manure, I can maybe, I can justify a better price, right? And if you can explain to your customer, "This is what I've applied and here's what all of your maps look like," to help them make decisions the rest of the year, there may be an opportunity for you to command a premium on the service you guys are providing as well. So a couple things for thought in that world. - [Steve] Okay, thanks for the invitation, and it's been a really, really good program and enjoying this. Come from Wisconsin across the pond. And... there we go. I've been an independent crop consultant for my whole career, been doing this for 39 years. We've got a business in eastern Wisconsin, located on the Manitowoc, and really dairy is our business. We work with a lot of dairy farmers, do their crop plans, scouting, soil sampling, nutrient management plans, help them with permits. And we've been in a GIS forever and then also recently we've been doing some on-farm research. But mobile mapping because we've had to do hazard maps for a long time, they started out as paper then we went to PDFs that you could have on your phone, that helped a lot. But we thought for years, we should be able to make a mobile map that we can use in the field that shows you exactly where you are. And we actually figured this out over 20 years ago, I could make a really neat little map that was exactly the paper copy. The problem is it was on a two inch by two inch screen and a little handheld alarm, so it wasn't practical. But over the years, better technology comes along and we were able to kind of put the pieces together. So benefits I think we all realize, there's value in knowing where you are, if there's hazards in the field to know exactly where that hazard is, how far you got to stay back. The record keeping, that's an issue for us in Wisconsin. I think different states vary, but someone mentioned what the weather conditions and soil conditions are not only today, tomorrow, yesterday, what the rate is, what kind of manure, what the equipment was, it would be much better to keep that in live time than to sit down in December and try to figure out, fill in the missing blank. So we built that into our program. Also, the ability to save geo-reference photos. So let's say there is something going on or there's a neighbor complaint of manure coming from tile lines or whatever. You can actually take a photo of that tile line, show how clear it is or whatever, and have evidence that's GIS based. And then the obvious, demonstrate environmental stewardship. We all are aware of who we sell our milk to, our products, they're looking for this kind of thing. And on the bottom, just minimize environmental liability. So hazard maps can be complicated. And often there's more than one thing that we have to show on a map. Sometimes there's 2, 3, 4 things stacked on top of each other that you as the applicator or farmer have to be aware of. In Wisconsin, it's things like proximity to surface water, conduits to groundwater, concentrated flow paths, slope, shallow depth to bedrock, shallow depth to water table or highly permeable soils. So these are all the things that have restrictions for manure applications in Wisconsin. And maps can be really complicated and we have really complicated rules in Wisconsin. All the colors mean something else. This field, point out here, all those different colors we can actually spread on the whole field, but depending on the time of the year, the consistency of the manure, the rate, whether it's incorporated or not, there's different rules for those different shaded areas. So it's about knowing where you're at, what is the restriction and what can you do to stay out of trouble. And I picked that field out because it's close proximity to a lake and it's really complicated. Most of our fields are not nearly that complicated, but they have hazards that you got to be aware of. Okay, so one of the things that we do, because we work with GIS, slope is defaulted to what the soil survey is in Wisconsin. And that soil survey was done by hand before GPS, back in the sixties. And we all know it's not that accurate, especially for slope. Sometimes it's not that accurate for soil type either. So this is what the industry, oh, I'm sorry, pointing with the wrong thing here. Let's see, wanted to point out here, this is the industry standard here for slope based on the soil survey, but we all have lidar available, right? If you take a look at lidar to tell you what the actual slope is in the field, this yellow represents 6% slope. So in Wisconsin we have some restrictions on anything above 6% slope. So the point I want to make is, sometimes what's shown is that slope doesn't exist, but maybe more importantly, we look at this area, this is the same map only with lidar. There's a side hill here and the ditch running down here that this is a high-risk area. Now if I was a crew foreman, now I send my guys out to haul here and I don't know the field yet, I'd want to point out to them, "Be careful here." This map doesn't show it, but it exists. So we can do those kinds of things. Like I said, we offer a system that shows exactly those custom things on the map, on an Android tablet in your cab, so you can see where you are. You can also add hazards and setbacks on the fly. So if you are, you're looking, you're applying and you notice there's a tile inlet there that's not on this map, you can actually put it on that screen, buffer it, and now it's there. So like I said, we've been perfecting this really over for 20 years, but the last two seasons we've had it in the field. We were at the North American Manure Expo, keep using the wrong thing here. So we set up a UTV with the tablet in there. We can run the course, show you the hazards in live time and demonstrate it. Also in Wisconsin, we had rigged up a school bus and had big screen TV and demonstrated it in live time in the field. So like I said, we have it on one big 5,000 acre dairy farm that has a custom hauler. We gave it to him to demo to work out the bugs, the fall of '22. He used it all in '23 and this was late this fall. So the hauler likes it, the farmer likes it, it's working. And this is just an example, a 200 acre field, here's a, oh, (indistinct) what are the chances of you seeing that in a 200 acre field? But it's on the map, so it was buffered and not spread through. And here it is, a drone picture, that's what we call the concentrated flow path that in Wisconsin they can't spread there. So they're able to see it on the map and buffer around it. I mentioned the records, so on that screen, you just touch the screen and some customizable forms pop up. All the things that you need to record are there, just click the box, drop down screen, swipe, and then you're done. All that information actually goes up into a cloud. So your records are just kept in the cloud. Cost share opportunities. So we have been working with NRCS, an extension in Wisconsin for a while on this concept. They kind of prodded us to put something out there. So we did and NRCS is offering for farms that participate in conservation stewardship or CSP, it's what they call an enhancement. There is money available. So maybe something to check out if you're a farmer or working with farmers, want to try it. And otherwise thank you for your attention. - Thanks, all right, so we're going to take some questions. Yeah, can you grab another chair? Thank you. Got two for the price of one here, so we're down a chair. All right, anyone have any questions for our speakers? Yes. - Yeah, the John Deere guy, approximate cough, say plug it into a non John Deere tractor and then one use you're sold. Are they charging the farmer more for application because they're being able to do VRT and or do better documentation? - Yeah, depend an idea, Yeah, cost wise probably it's going to depend a little bit more on, if you have a (indistinct). List in the lab is about 18,500. And then your brand looking at another 10 by the time you're installed. So it depends if you have a lab or not. And then it's going to vary too on how long, how much is it going to take to book a lead. If I'm looking at a set of tankers or a guideline system, yeah, yeah, one tanker you're probably looking at probably if you're buying a lab, 25 to 30 grand. So somewhere kind of in that price. We're getting some guys set up with it. It hasn't been, we had this out for probably three or four years and it hasn't been a massive adoption rate. I think just not well advertised probably. And just as it is, each one is a little bit of a custom solution. So I think most of the guys that I've seen run it are mostly owner-operators and they want to know what the data is. I haven't seen as much in the custom space, but I think there would be an opportunity to be able to, I can show you what the entire map looks like to have a little bit of a premium there. Probably depends on the farmers you're working with. - Thank you. Next. Yeah. - So same, same guys. What sort of variability do you see on the globe? ...on the ground, glow is it higher? (indistinct) is it range or is it generic? - I've been in the cab with customers before. A lot of it depends on what lagoon they're pulling from or is it tanker mixes and this and that, right? If you're pulling tankers, the mix isn't quite as great but you can tell, I've got guys pumping a few miles out on the grange and you'll see, you can tell the mixer is down in the lagoon, right? Your nutrients start to vary a great deal, it thins out and they'll call back on the radio. He has to come down (indistinct) depending pumping, you can tell instantly when the mixer comes back. So the variability, it just depends where you're pulling from but I've seen it used in both applications as far as hog and cattle (indistinct) goes. (indistinct). - Next question. Yes. - General question for the panel. So this is our technology session. So if farmers or haulers are looking to add in technology to their operation, new technology, what are some best tips and tricks you got for like how to make that a positive and less swear words experience? (light laughter) - Not sure with that one, we have a lot of guys that want to tip toe into it, just get our feet wet, one little piece at a time. I would say at the end of a two or three year period there we put quite a bit more money, then we just jump in with both feet, you got a full set up off the get go. A lot of this stuff incorporates together and yeah, it definitely had some growing pains turning the key wise as opposed to making that big (indistinct) and just getting it (indistinct). - Yeah, I tend to agree. I think you have to, I think I would start with where's my greatest chance for opportunity? So you can look at that a lot of different ways, right? So if it is for somebody, if it's for very focused people in the room, right? It's optimizing some system in the animal production space, start with the technology there or if it's inter irrigation, start there. If it's, the equipment and the crop production, figure out which one of those is your lead, your greatest opportunity to either reduce cost or improve your margin, start with that and then find somebody that's going to be a good partner as far as supporting you with the technology. So, I think a lot of, you guys have a great support team. I work with the folks at Hudson and not to toot their horn but they do a great job, right? So whoever you want to work with, just make sure that the support is there behind it as well as, maybe just what the base product looks like when you talk about technology. - Yeah, as an agronomist started to say, "Bring in your agronomist, have have it be the farmer in the haul or in the agronomist." And the technology site, just because we can do something that's neat doesn't mean, I guess first we got to answer how are we going to use this? So start out kind of already have an idea how we might be able to use this and get the input from the agronomist so that you don't get halfway down the road and "Yeah, cool, but what do we do with it?" - [Sarah] Great advice. Thanks. Any other questions for you all? - No. - Thanks. - That mapping, is that be integrated into the (indistinct) tractor. So if you map it out, (indistinct) we stay away. The answer's not going to be a manual operation, or (indistinct). - Yeah, so we can create shape files that could, could generate a prescription so it could do (indistinct) as far as the auto steer thing, theoretically yeah, I would not know how to do that. It is a shape file that would be written into a controller and you did a tractor speed out, change the rate, all those kind of things. - [Sarah] Any other questions? Yes. - For John McGee, what percent solids would be found successful (indistinct)? - Typically about 5%. As much as we want to try and stick through a pivot. We're somewhere between 2 and 10% most of the lagoons we go to. We have a lot more success pulling liquid off the top and leaving a different method there to get the solids out later. Not that guys don't do it, but you get a lot more headaches the higher that solid content goes up. - Or lychee water works perfectly. - Lychee's great to do it that way. It's a lot of money spent if you're (indistinct). (soft music plays)