MSU Extension Field Crops

Welcome everyone at seven o'clock we're going to go ahead and get started my name is Eric Anderson in Las field crops educator with a messy extension and I will be hosting the seating. With us this evening as Dr Burns he is going to talk to us some of the work that. She and Dr Chasa have been doing with interceding alfalfa into Karen Seiler. Error and I'm going to go ahead and mute and I'm not going to interject a question comes up and I think you said you want to kind of take questions on the fly right yes I think right OK All right I will let you take. Everyone going through tuning in tonight hopefully or not you know interrupting your favorite Monday night T.V. show watching or anything like that my name's Aaron Burns I started a M S U and it broke twenty seventeen so I've almost been here for a year now we scientists and I also have an extension appointment and I'm the extension side I'll be doing weed control and corn for it is empty so it's now it's largely just sharing some research that was done by other groups and then I saw a bit more of what we're going to do in the future so the problem the setting for tonight is that. There's an important premium for it in Michigan but overall it's a ban on the decline and interest saying hey inhalants forge crops are the third leading Hill crop by acreage in Michigan with an estimated annual value of three hundred twelve million dollars and often Silas corn is grown in rotation with alfalfa but yields this brings it all fell like can reduce overall from profitability as it's been found that one factor for this thick line is that spring seeded. Is yields are low produce a approximately one half subsequent full year production that can be noted So taking this reduction in yield has led to a switch in some regions of continuous corn silos production and continuous crop production any can have various problems and corn silence you can have increased potential for soil erosion which can lead to loss and productivity. Loss of Sarla Gammick Matterson your growing something continuously you can lose all those great soil qualities with properties. And then also what about this rotation whence you're losing all the soil health properties here now to increase the cost of fertilizer and pesticides this is going to lead to yield declining and then spending more money in the system to attain those yields so a potential solution that's been proposed to benefit both these systems alfalfa and corn salads is the inner seed corn. And this will do two factors first protect the soil but also help jumpstart this all fell for production and that's going to affect that goes behind this are in these pictures in the bottom so self has planted into the corner rows but then one week of actual corn planting this picture was taken in May but you have your corn planted here and part of these pictures you know the heroes that are growing in between the current and their plan to attend one week then in June this is the same system so you have the corn growing and then you look below down here are where the alfalfa is now growing that you planted along with the corn in the beginning of the season and then ultimately in October this is what the system looks like so you will harvest the siloed corn and then health actually remains for that season as a cover so really protecting the soil having the living plant matter that's President after you're harvesting the corn silos there's no bare soil and then also this gives a jump start you can see it's growing fairly healthy here and then next year you'll treat it as a normal Horridge crop so all of the research that I'm in a share with tonight and all the ideas and thoughts behind this have been performed at other universities and I'm just coming in on this and with new research ideas so it's important to note that where this research is coming from. Jury of it has been performed at the University of Wisconsin by these three researchers and also at the U.S.D.A. air assets which is also in Madison Wisconsin. And for all the massive her the various graphs and tables all siloed scoring was planted in mid May and they were very unsure O's and the populations are anywhere from thirty two to thirty five thousand seats per acre and also nitrogen is a one hundred sixty to two hundred pounds and this was between planting and then a dress and for there this is and then proximately two days of corn planting and there are four rows in each one of these rows are spaced six inches apart from each other and that was in that thirty inch cornrow inner space saying and those drilled approximately sixteen pounds of pure life seed her a career woman also it's important to note that Dr can cast a who's also on this weapon are to help answer any questions has also perform a study here and I'm assuming she's the one who asked me to be part of this so a lot of this data has also come from Charles Iraq she conducted here in Michigan also the first question that comes to mind insists this time is does the interstate alfalfa reduce corn silents yield So remember we're trying to still grow corn salads crop to be profitable that year and the graph is looking at various different locations on the. Horizontal access vertical as the dry matter yield this is intense per acre and the red bars so these first bars are corn that was just grown a lot and then followed by a spring suit. And the green bars down here or the current I was actually interested with alfalfa that year or so of both of those crops growing within the same year Nover are you can see a trend of these red bars of corn growing up. Having higher dry matter yield than the green interceded bars and overall the corn salads yield can be reduced by approximately ten percent a lot of the systems and some There's no reduction so there's a slight reduction that's been observed when you're growing these two crops together. So that lead to the next step of how can increase the corn silo jewels while still having that inner city. So a study was conducted looking at various nature generates from zero down determined fifty pounds per acre and the blue line with squares this corn growing alone and then the red line with the red circles is that interceded systems of corn growing along with alfalfa and then this is the corn side in tons per acre so you can see there's a large gap between these two with the current growing alone yielding more and then once you increase those fertiliser levels if you move to the right. This gap becomes smaller and smaller so once you have increase that nature generate the corn that's inner city without being more so you're giving a leg up to that core in silence or providing more nitrogen those plants are becoming more competitive and more robust so like being at those two factors in common it's led to an increase in this current Silencio of you observed with that ten percent decrease it's a way to fine tune the system so that's our the question then what are the implications on off Alpha So we want to make sure they get the stablished series are really looking to increase that next year's yield and in the early stage of the studies this interceded system could be prone to the Stan Lee are so nearly King at this picture you can see large bare spots this is after. Harvest So this is a fall for those spring seed along with the corn silos and you can see there are some bare spots Nestle lead to that not having that protective soil cover and then also if you look really hard there are some weeds also so once again not really providing the end goal of having this newly established. So a few reasons for this and fine tuning that they've done is looking at the actual timing of enter seeding this figure is looking at corn planted at two different dates so early in May And few weeks after that now selfless stand then see at the end of this season after the corn on the blue bars were alfalfa that was seeded on the very same day of the current silo just. Read the get corn or alfalfa that was interested in the corner of the stage and then alfalfa that was interceded the two is the green bars and overall you can see it's trend of if you plant that right after the corn silos has been plants and so in these red and blue bars early on in the season you really have all gives a leg up to that density is higher than if you wait tele corn is taller that's shading out those are the seedlings. And the second reason is why CAN'T different current and alfalfa competition so you're planting both of these at the same time they're both going to be looking for the same nutrients and using up those different nutrients and so on water and things like that so the study was looking at corn and alfalfa planted at two different rates so this for years looking at the corn seeding right still low current population are these black bars twenty five thousand seats breaker in the high for this treatment the thirty five thousand seats per acre which are these late grey of ours and this is at two different locations in Wisconsin and the first and there is no difference and alfalfa stand density which is on the vertical access when you have this low or high corn populations but on the second study location they found that with the lower corn population you have a higher. Standard and the serial lending in a little bit more like a hole the more space for those. Grow and then they also looked at alfalfa sitting here looking at a low eight pounds per acre and a high of sixteen pounds for acre Well this if this had an impact on stand city and I once again the black bars now are the low alfalfa seeding Ray and the grey bars are the high sitting at both locations they found when you increase the seeding rates this is you know fairly intuitive your dreams are you're putting more seeds out there you have more plants and emerge and ultimately you're standing city and then the higher so looking at these two factors is another way to really optimize this interceding system to make the current and successful as possible. In a second way to look at acting this fall for Korean competition and trying to tip the scales in favor of well is application of products of down Cal Sam which is actually a plant growth regulator and the US isn't approved yet for this interstate system that is currently used in other cropping systems in Michigan and various. Trees and other are immense also the. Chemical that is being used currently for other of their other crops and. Different. Different systems and this girl's regulare actually limits the top growth so those plants aren't going to get a tall but at the same tired really enhances roof growth so it makes those plants really study and secure in that growing system so and then also you know health and pollute present tolerance and strict tolerance to stress so you can think that no fault of plants that are growing within this corn silos canopy carry more stress than just. Growing you know on their own not interceded So looking at different how this might impact also. Tolerance to those stress that is while also changing the actual plant stature and what they found is this is two different studies and this is plant density of thought over time who knows either interceded in may have twenty alive and then followed through out so I twenty eleven October two thousand and eleven October twenty twelve and in this whole experiment was repeated which is this bottom set of graphs once again intercede in Korean twenty thirteen and then there are three different time periods and the red bars are the stand and see if there are plants that did not receive this plant growth regulator application and they green bars or the plants did have that prohibits that I own which is Ph D. all the subsequent sides they receive that application and overall the trend which is observed in both trials of this study is that those plants that had that growth regulator applied to them when interceded the stand density was increased compared to the no plant regulator so healing at the green compared to the red at each one of these timing so early on in the subsequent years. The density was increased compared to just. Did not receive treatment the same thing happened again when they repeated this experiment so this finding was insistent and they also performed a number of studies looking at the actual rate of this plant growth regulator so how much needed to be applied to actually see this change in stand density and they found that when it was applied a half to one kilogram of active ingredient perfecter and applied on those anywhere from four to twelve inches tall they saw this consistent response of having a stronger or more a bust stand when you apply that growth regulator. Well to give some pictures to the scraps are really kind of understand what this growth regulator is doing and the left is a picture or so this is these are taken in July of the control plants. That was interceded did not receive this project so that you can see there and then I put a yellow horizontal bar roughly where the top of those plants are growing at this time around point four This is a meters and then when you look over on the right this was the treatment where the received growth regulative this project sit down and then drop down to a point three So once again limiting that top growth compared to the plants that did not receive treatment these are the same plots now in our gas so once again the control you can see these plants have gotten tall they're fairly Spinelli for member now this is August so Silas plants are fairly tolerant robots there's lots of shade and also it's drier it's later on in the season so these plants are more stress than it they would have an early on in the season and the right is the pot that received the pro hexatonic growth regulator who's now see these rows of all a low not as robust as the forest still fairly strong and then ultimately after you harvested the corn crop on the left is the control and you can see the bare spots of not being as dense without that growth right you know later and then on the right are the pots that receive that growth regulator and these lines of all of those and you're seated now is very robust and providing great coverage of the soil and also ready to overwinter to ultimately be that forage crop the next year and the third reason looking for Alfalfa variety and differences in varieties and stand density so this is another reason looking at fine tuning the system to work as best as it can and they found that alfalfa righties actually differ in their survival when they're in or see it with corn Sarlat So this figure was looking at a lot of different varieties once again the green bars are with that growth regulator the red bars was out and this first bar or this first batch. Righties are all the proper resisting conventional Rai's and these have the greatest stand density compared to all the other varieties that they tested. The next batch was not only for resistant but conventional varieties followed barley proper resist and round are ready for variety as in the lowest was not only proper resist and also Roundup Ready varieties and if you're looking once again at these bars the green are consistently higher than the red bars so once again showing that impact of that growth regulator in getting an impact on the Ultimately that and stand density in the system so now trying to fine tune what varieties are actually going to work best within this interstate it's as you can see there are quite large differences in Variety responses to being planted along with corn silos and then ultimately they want to look at economics you know ultimately beneficial over this rotation and what are the impacts on that and they found that establishment of a fall by Interesting double the first year out. Compared to the spring season and so looking at this figure on the horizontal it's the dry matter yield and then the different kinds of systems that's how search twenty eleventh's of this is the red bars are cornmeal just growing alone. And then the green bars below that are corn meal that was in or seeded with the fall before we know that about ten percent decrease in yield of those interceded plants so this decrease and then the following year they track the alfalfa yield so this is just spring see. Was and they're seated in that system and then the green bars. That was interceded the year before so you can see here is where we're getting this doubling and alfalfa yield that was interceded with the corn silence and ultimately they looked at two year yield overall So even though we saw a little bit of a dip in yield of the corn salad and their seed and this is overcome by this large increase in the yield which then gives you this increase in dry matter of that two year rotation and then they repeated this again in SA the same kind of trend and then brain this graph into a picture of a good visual and the left. Was interested in the corn the previous year fairly robust very tall compared to fall for those just spring seed and after current normal scenario very much the difference in these two croppings. So taking all these primers ago there Alternately what you then see in the. Basis of that rotation they took us one step further to put some number to the system so they have some assumptions which are eighty percent success rate for inner seeding and then also they looked at as a reduction of five percent and current silence. And then a forty dollars per application cost of that plant growth regulator and ultimately what they found is there is a part proximate twenty five percent greater net returns when that corn alfalfa are in there suited to gather than just a normal Cornell fall for rotation on the top is your conventional rotation in the bottom of the interceded rotation with their various assumptions and looking at the net returns of just corn silo. And then the corn silo that was then either interceded or not there are office seedling So the net returns on that and then the two subsequent production years of all. And then the net return of that average rotation so when you're interceding approximately a twenty five percent greater net return which is coming from this really bump in the production and that first year compared to just. Then where I've come into this is on the weak control side some are we scientists and ever I get a call from somebody who's growing a grass along with a broadly it's a little bit harder to control those weaves in the system because now you have grasses and broadly Seagal or so it's really excited to learn about this and their seed system both to start learning about forage production here in Michigan since I'm fairly new and then also learn about options when you are growing some of these diverse rotations and these inner seeding systems together so the Early on. The first trials that were conducted looking at we controlling this the were actually grown with Clearfield corn just resistant to their nail S. and having errors and applying pursuit which is amazing that the pier and Allison have a there that mode of action of herbicide posts they found that this is a really easy and effective control system to provide long term control of mulch many of the weaves that are present but there are a few Clearfield varieties that are actually available and then on the weed resistance side there are a large number of Alice resistant wheat so this graph was put together by Dr Ian heap on the Web site we've science org And you can arrest report. Different herbicide resistant weeds that you have so different extension and university personnel file different reports on this website then he tabulates all of these throughout time. Some of horizontal as the years starting in one nine hundred sixty follow it up present day and then vertical access is the actual number of resistant weed species and each color line is representing the number of weed species throughout time there's a sense if different herbicide chemistry is so different herbicide sites of action and at the very top the one with the most resistant weed species is that Allison have it or so these groups too so this red bar you can see with over one hundred fifty different weed species that have been reported to be resistant to these mysteries so it really you know led to a different frame to really increase the sustainability of these herbicide uses in this inner seeded system so the second system that they evaluated was looking at we control with a round resistant corn and also round up or is a softball so since both of these crops are resistant to round up quite the same just a. Round up post and this is easy effective also didn't cost that very much to control the weaves within the system but once again unfortunately there are a large number of round up requests to say resistant weeds so this is the same exact figure that I just showed before but is now looking down here the slate Lubar or the number of Roundup resistant weaves So this is the fourth highest number of cases reported to the chemistry science again there's a large number around resistant weeds but kings who undergo a bit more diverse herbicide use within the system and then also if you remember a few slides ago looking at all those different alfalfa variety responses and overall and also sound some studies they found that those Roundup resistant varieties had poor survival of or on this system or in this inner seeing system in those Wisconsin studies So this led to the question of what other herbicides will provide season mind control in this area seeded system the study was on C.N.N. conducted in Wisconsin and it was looking at evaluating three different trials so herbicides were just supplied pre trial looking at just post service side application options on corn now and we've had come up and then using those two studies what they learn from that at to have a whole systems approach of looking at a pretty herbicide followed by a post herbicide. And these tables are all outlined in the same way save the treatment the rate and the various parameters that they were they measured So this is looking at just creeping herbicide application there are two different because there is a low and a high rate of the herbicides that were tested so low on a high rate of warrant Calista O. do all match your views and Python and then round up which you can consider that control in this study so we want to look back. To the months provide the same level of control or injury so we don't want to injure the core and we don't want to. We still want great week control so using Roundup is kind of our benchmark do these different humans X. Similarly to around which are the blue bars that means they were equal to round in how they performed or are they inferior which is the orange box and then they also inch at controls an untreated control no herbicide application so this is looking at once again create herbicides and alfalfa injury one month after treatment remember the blue means that have the same kind of response. Round up are going to say treatments so far but injury both rates of warrant for the low rate of dual both rates of met your views and provided for had the least amount of injury are in the same as are round which is our control then looking at we cover is now one month after treatment so blue bars means I have the same we cover as lot so I just received the say so those were the high rate of warrant are their rate of close to zero and then either rate of do all have the same amount of week control as did those round up plots now looking at we've covered two months after application and number of these treatments are now coming will bit more weighty so only the high rate of COLA so and the higher rate of doing and now providing the same we control as did those around pots this is now looking at a cover so the percent cover two months after treatment and the only treatment had the same cover so I didn't enjoy much as the treatment was this warrant application three pints breaker and then interesting Liquori meal that in that year yield from this interstate system they all were the same or superior to the round up pots. And then looking at alfalfa yield the second year out the only one the have the same yield as the round up was the higher rate of warrants and then looking at all felt the density eighteen months after treatment they all have the relatively the same density those blue boxes as did our roundup treatments so overall from the studies looking at all use different pretty herbicides the chairman that most consistently responded the same to the round up was those three pints breaker of war at the next set of. Treatments and we're looking at early post application timings So the weeds and the corn and the head all come up but they're fairly short and they are looking at two different rates of back to her rates of bark trial to her rates of bitter out it's just too pretty and then two different rates of Calista a low and a high and then once again round out of the blue boxes that means same response around that's what we're looking for and the orange boxes are either not as much control or they injure the more impaired so why just round out. So this is early application timing Felpham Engine three two weeks after treatment and both of the security applications acted the same as did round up. We cover one month after treatment now the high or the low rate of trial by the higher rate a better act and then the lower eight of Calista at the same we cover so you want lower numbers less percentage of weeds there are the same as the round up treatments then looking at all fall for cover the only treatment to have the same percentage of alfalfa as did the round out is this higher a better X. and then looking at Alpha to cover twelve months out now have. Low rate of bark trial high rate of the low and high rate interact and the higher lower a higher rate I'm sorry Calista were had the same percent cover as did our round treatment so this is likely at the same herbicide treatments but now the latest late post application timing so fell foot injury two weeks out all of them except those higher at a park trial her have the least amount of alfalfa injury and are also similar to those round of pots for weed cover once again we had a large number of treatments that had a number lower numbers or better lower percent weaves and they were the similar to those round of treatments and then alfalfa cover one month out all of these treatments reduced the cover compared to what our control would be which is the cover and those round up plots and then looking at alfalfa cover twelve months I. Now have both rounds are both rates of Buck show and them both rates of cost so it's have the same amount of a cover as do round life needs or are late timing so overall looking at the early post timing either the low rate of Buck Charlie or the high rate of theatre act provided consistently the same control as did the round up lots and then three different treatments when you're looking at the late post timing so the low rate of. The higher it interact or the higher rate cliff so we're as consistent as the round pots. So taking the knowledge that they learned from the Create herbicide application only and also the post timing to see where the combinations of the two best treatments and what kind of weed control and then also fell for injury are real observing in these treatments so this is looking at corn in their suits. Just warrant three pints for acre pre and then that inner CA with bark trail only apply post and then combining those to use the war and the bucks for Applied pre Buckcherry post and they actually had treatments herbs just corn in or civil and no herbicides at all and then just a quick solo seeded corn pots so no alfalfa and no so no herbicides applied to those pots in this first Thomas looking at we cover two weeks after the post herbicide application and for these any number that's followed by the same water means their systems sickly similar to each other they may be different numbers but the stats say that their system play similar to each other and they can sense or be considered same so for this first box looking at either of the herbicides of pipe earlier posts or the combination of the two had fairly low weed covers only two to six percent weeds present in most pots and then you're looking at the corn in or see if. You did have more weaves in most parts no herbicide was applied about twenty three percent but interestingly when you're combining it when you're comparing the interstate system to just the corn system alone once again no herbicides applied to either one of these at the current US going alone contain quite a few more weeds then did the interceded system that herbicides to showing really how competitive those of the plants are with the different we are looking at we cover four weeks out and now all four of these treatments so any of the herbicides applied then also now this inner city without any herbicides applied have the same percentage weaves as each other and then the core untreated had quite a few more we so once again interesting looking at no herbicide applied but still providing pretty good control and then also off Alpha cover just two weeks after post and all the treatments received a herbicide did have a higher percentage. Than the one that did not and then looking at alfalfa four weeks out now all these treatments have the same percentage of all a cover. So overall the conclusions of the early initial We control Chiles other there are actual options to control weeds in this that are comparable to that shark which was round on the prairie side near pines for acre warrant and then what they really focused on is coupling that with a post application of trial to provide any weed control later on in the season. And interesting Leon what I find you know most exciting about the system is up the presence of having the inner city of alfalfa reduced we cover a surge use the impacts of those weeds by sixty five percent compared to just corn plants and receive any herbicides looking at just that competitive ability of the. Swedes without any herbicides being applied and this is led to some future research So Chem and I have put in a project green ground looking at further impacts that we've control so we know that there aren't as many herbicide options within the system but what other ways what other parameters in can we manipulate to get good we control in the first so so look at different We've So what are the impacts of the community when you're in are seeing this the Semisphere mostly grassy we are broadly. Also looking at impacts of Sea production and persistence. And to do that what's why we wanted to do this objective is that the environment in which the plant grows when it's producing those seeds really influences both the seed viability so how viable are those seeds that are here being produced the dormancy and also survival in the seed bank so maybe we're not getting is going to we control but those we see that are Priem produced are as viable or less Starman So looking at really the impacts of evaluating potentially how the weeds are going to be controlled in the system and previous studies a bonnet see that were produced and shady conditions in picture of the weeds that are growing then and points Arledge is more shaded than just one of those crops alone where more immature have less German C. so less him some more mature seeds that's great they're not going to Germany and be viable and then less and then less German cities are perhaps those weeds are germinating in the fall and winter killing they're not as dormant as they mostly would be and also the environment within the crop canopy can influence the habitat for different fungi and bacteria different beneficials so Previous research has found sated moisture sites are more bearable for these that is finding I am bacteria bacteria and these may actually in fact that we've seeds once again making them less viable so maybe as we've actually producing seeds these seeds aren't as robust as what they normally would be and then the populations of the Cline and then the second objective for the study was looking to determine early impacts we can petition. Central tenant to this is that we know crops and we compete for both directly for water nutrients and light but we wanted to know there's been multiple studies that have no day early early early signs of competition with those crowd plants and that's before these resources are even limited both of these plants are still crap and the weeds are so fairly small and they're not directly competing at they all of these early competition leads to reduced. Crop loss and yield Blas So we wanted to value. Our Is the system I like corn plants responding to the inner city partner different so can the sense that there's a growing maybe there are some growing the same and have the same deal but have that impact then with the weaves or are they all just acting several So really trying to parse out what the impacts of weeds are what the impacts of the how far on that corn yield and those will have implications for their current studies so looking at that inner seeded system but also just to enter sitting in general the rise of cover ups goes a different times what are the impacts of those neighboring plants when you're talking about crop competition so finally all these initial studies have led to and now a large multi-state study looking out for their identifying factors to Absa my sis. But in this interceded system and there are quite a few number of investigators on this project. And that's a both have an experimental station component on farm studies and it's really cool as it's going to be in Pennsylvania Michigan and Wisconsin and also Idaho looking at a large geographic area and what what environmental factors and management implications impact the successfulness of this and just been really trying to get at those regional differences so really tailored recommendations and if any of us has interested you tonight we are looking for two on farm locations in Michigan and the treatments will be to alfalfa varieties so that one of the high performing conventional varieties that was identified in those previous studies and then also around resistant variety and then plus or minus application of that plant growth regulator and then also plus or minus a funded site insecticide combination and then told all the studies of the About a quarter of an acre in the information that we would need to have limited crop residue to make sure we have established both of those crops also the field history and wrapping rotation you know off can we have planted for one year prior to this study also soil testing information and then any herbicide of use to make sure there aren't any kinds of carry over problems that herbicides are used in previous year rotation and we have one question yeah for the test plots that you cited was the water ph adjust. For the light acid herbicide glyphosate to help it's a surface that is a great question and I know I don't but it was just a field study so it was all just one field you know growing outside and then to supplying those her besides a normal outdoor conditions I didn't look at any I know there are no greenhouse studies to be able to manipulate those parameters so that's a great you know really good thing to think about. So hopefully you have answered your question and I'm almost done so in this if you're interested in collaborating or learning more and you're And so the clabber to be in charge of any kind of preparation or service working the ground prior to plan saying and then they are actually plan a round up resistant variety of corn silos within whatever the recommended ranges for your location and then most importantly no herbicides can be applied to the study area remember one of these will not be resistant to round so you don't want to make sure we don't lose half of the pots killing them and then also you apply the nature Janet just your normal recommended practices that you would use for silents corn and then harvest the corn of the end of the season. And then and are and will actually intercede after you plant the corn well provided that we get control so looking at those different Korean posts herbicides and then also apply any of what we're considering the Plant Protection treatments the fungicide insecticides and then that plant growth regulator will buy and then will come back about monthly to take different measurements and then ultimately terminate in October so in conclusion from the studies proper planting time the correct of a variety the application that plant growth regulator and then that different underside insecticide treatments have led to the successful establishment interceded alfalfa and also protecting that corn silo. So overall if doubles first zero ball field is often has little to. Ten percent impact on the current side. Alternately you see that increase in net returns and then reduces. And he and last from across plants also those environmental parameters. And then if you're interested in learning more about the study here is my email and also my phone number and then just also plug for our we guide each year they put out there we've guide which has great weight in trial record Nations for all the different props that are grown here in Michigan now so that can be found on our website so show us the Dr Rank that I missed you we've got so you can find both sections of the week. Backseat and any other kind of research that we're performing we do on the Web site so with that I'm done with the presentation and if there's any questions yes you can ask them but you can take them and. The last thing that we need to address tonight is for those of you who are interested in receiving are you she credits or the assigned applicator credits. I believe it was last week that I that I was on with slips last week or two weeks ago. And some people were having a little bit of difficulty What's a call tricks let me go ahead and put that call tricks U.R.L. and to the chat box. Now that should be alive for everyone to as a clickable link in the chat box so if you have joined us in years past what we were doing was sending all this information that you see as the bottom of the screen to. One of the support staff people at one of the county offices and she would pretty sure slee go through and type all that EMS force or trying this year is this call tricks it's kind of like a survey but it's basically just allows gives us a platform for each entry and all that information and that makes it a lot easier for her to compile all that information so. Some of our code that she'll need is on the bottom and again for those of you who are joining via recording. And have been informed that this is the first year I'm not sure exactly how they deal with this is the first year that entered has allowed us to offer that credit for those of you who are viewing online so if if that's you I believe you'll be getting some separate instructions for that so so this culture is for those of you who are joining us tonight. And I did see a number of you posting at the Q. and A or the chat that you did not receive a confirmation last week that you had gotten the credits. And I'm not really sure how they're handling that so I sent. Them into the leader of our team for this weapon are sent on email I didn't receive anything back tonight so. But he knows about the issue and I will have him contact all the folks so. I want to thank you all for joining us tonight and if you have any questions for either Dr Burns or Dr Jasser feel free to contact one of them if you can catch their their contact information on the screen need to contact me or if you just go onto the extension website. And you can find them as experts in there as well.