MSU Extension MI Ag Ideas to Grow With

 - Hello, I'm Sarah Fronczak. I'm an environmental management educator with Michigan State University. Today I'm gonna be talking about manure as a fertilizer alternative. Do fertilizer prices have you thinking about manure as an alternative to commercial fertilizer? Well, today we're gonna think about manure, and some of the pros and cons of the use of it in crop fields and develop your nutrient management planning skills. You may notice at places in this presentation, I put GAAMPs (indistinct). And this will help you stay in compliance with GAAMPs and right to farm. Maybe you're thinking about adding manure as a nutrient source, maybe you're thinking what a hassle it can be, maybe you had livestock as a kid, and you don't have any fond memories of running the honey wagon across the field. Maybe you're concerned about what the neighbors might say, or the landowner that you rent from will be upset. These are all really valid concerns. But did you know that manure helps soil in ways inorganic fertilizer can't? It increases organic carbon, cat ion exchange capacity, micronutrients for crops, resistance to compaction, aggregate stability and plant available water. However, there are risks for runoff and erosion when using manure along with compaction from heavy equipment. How can we mitigate the risks while using this beneficial fertilizer and soil conditioner? Well, manure and environment shouldn't be at odds. When you use nutrient management planning, you can successfully use manure as a component to your crops nutrients, and the steps to nutrient management planning are inventory assessment, application and feedback and we're gonna go through those steps today. When you're considering an inventory for nutrient management planning, what you need to think about are the crops to be grown and the yields you need, acres available, and you also wanna consider the soils and slopes on those acres. Other nutrient sources like credits for lagoon crops, previous manure application. Soil samples should also be taken at least once every three years in each field. And you should also consider taking manure samples. So I get this question a lot about what is in the manure that you're receiving? Well, what's the product that you're receiving? Are you getting aged manure or compost? What is the material? What nutrients can you expect to be available in that growing season? Well, the best way to answer any of those questions is with a manure analysis. Most manure analyses test for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium pH, and moisture content. Here's the first page of manure analysis. If you wanna you pay attention to the column marked first year availability. That's where you'll find your numbers to plan with. Note that the way in which you incorporate this material alter these numbers quite a bit. You can lose up to a third of the nitrogen each day you don't incorporate. Some of you may wanna estimate what you can expect from a newer product without taking analysis. For that you can see the book values on the handout. But those aren't as accurate as if you were to get an analysis yourself. You need to consider your source of manure and the paperwork entailed to take that manure. If the farm you're receiving is from a CAFO, should come with a manifest form. You as a receiver will have to comply with some of the conditions of the CAFO permit. You should talk with a farm manager about this before you receive manure from a CAFO. If you're receiving manure from a non-CAFO, we suggest creating a manifest form to track who is responsible for the material. And there's a link to the CAFO form on the handout that you can use as an example. So maybe you have manure and you wanna know what it's worth. Or maybe you're worried that you're paying too much for manure. You can use this calculator to find out and the link is on the handout. It'll rapidly estimate the value of manure for specific kinds of manure and you can include an analysis if you have one or you can use a book value. So you have your inventory of needs and materials and here are a few guidelines for planning according to GAAMPs. Do not exceed agronomic rate for N for the crop, and manage manure applications according to soil tests. If test reaches 150 pounds per acre, slow your application rate to crop removal. If your soil test for P is above 300 pounds per acre, stop application of P until levels are reduced to less than 300. Next, we're gonna move into the assessment step of planning. Some of you may have heard about the four R's, right source, right rate, right time and right place. Applying the right source of nutrients can really fire up your nutrient management program. In 2017, a research group summarized the results of 141 published studies from Asia, Europe and the US, comparing the newer substitution for fertilizer. They found that the peak yields are observed for manure application when about 75% of the crop end requirements are met with manure and supplemented with inorganic fertilizer. When we match the crop requirements to the manure nutrients, and supplement with inorganic fertilizers, we get the best of both worlds. Since organic nitrogen is a slow release nitrogen, a fertility program that supplements manure organic N, with inorganic fertilizer, possibly a starter fertilizer can assist with early season crop vigor. Manure was as significant ammonium and content and that are injected may have less need for supplemental fertilizer for the early season vigor. You can see in this example, when crop phosphorus needs are met with dairy manure, you can avoid over applying nutrients by supplementing inorganic nitrogen. So let's do a little math here. You have the crop need, let's assume it's 195 pounds of N for the crop that you want to grow. You wanna subtract any credits and sources. Let's say we have 45 pounds of N credits. So that means we have 150 pounds of N that we need to get. So we have a net need 150N and we divide that by the total N available in the manure that we had in our analysis from before. So that's 42.5 pounds of N. So that gives us the manure that's needed for N is 3.5 tons per acre. So if we have that number, 3.5 tons per acre of manure needed on each acre, and we multiply that by .75, the percent suggested by the study that we just talked about, that means that we need 2.6 tons of manure per acre. Assess your application equipment. Is it calibrated? Are your drivers and appliers trained? If you need some help in this area, consider the Michigan Manure Haulers Certification Program. It is a voluntary program that can help you safely transport manure to the field. If you hire manure application, you can look for contractors that are certified in the program. If you have variable rate technology available to you, it can be a great asset in applying the right rate of manure and fertilizers. Using zones based on soil test levels, yield goals or soil type, manure applicators can be more accurate and create cost savings. Updating equipment with the additional sensors and flow meters necessary for a variable rate application is a considerable cost that must be carefully thought about. Think about when you plan on applying manure. Spring is ideal because it minimizes the potential loss of nutrients to the environment before the plants can use the nutrients. If you must apply in a fall, it's best to wait until temperatures fall below 50 to reduce N volatilization of ammonia and unincorporated manure. If possible, apply only to medium and fine soils in the fall. For further nutrient retention, you could apply to a growing cover crop to help you keep the nutrients in place for crop utilization. Saturated and frozen ground increases the risk of runoff and leaching. applications should be managed so ponding and erosion is not the result of application. Winter is the least desirable time for application. Application to snow covered ground should be avoided. The Michigan Environmental Impact tool can help you plan your manure applications. And I'll talk about this application later on. When you're applying liquid fertilizer to fields you really need to be aware of the type of soil you have and condition of that soil. If you have a soil that has a large component of clay, preferential flow paths formed by roots and worms could cause manure to reach tile lines. These same fields can be prone to surface runoff of manure if the soil is saturated at the time of application. In these situations, knifing in manure or incorporating another way is a best practice. Avoid application to saturated fields in all cases. GAAMPs require scouting tile lines before and after application for signs of manure transfer to tile lines. Incorporation seems to be a double edged sword, we incorporate to decrease and volatilization and odor but we can increase phosphorus loss through erosion. Soil disturbance also reduces soil quality. Is there a way to get the benefits of manure in a no tile system without the N loss and odor? Low disturbance is something to consider. This would look like injection or banded manure with an air raider. Remember that ammonia loss happens fast. So incorporation of any type needs to happen within hours of application for best retention of nitrogen. Expect to lose a third of the nitrogen each day you don't incorporate. The envirol impact tool was developed to help farmers plan short term manure and fertilizer applications. It includes a runoff forecasts derived from real time precipitation and temperature forecasts from the National Weather Service. It combines data on snowmelt, soil moisture and landscape characteristics In order to forecast runoff events. There are four different categories of risk over the course of a 24 hour period, shown here in the red box. Think of the categories in the terms of risk magnitudes. Small events are low risk, and large events are high risk. In the winter runoff risk changes reflect the ground if it's frozen and snow covered, very common in Michigan. Winter runoff risk categories are no runoff expected which is blue and runoff is likely to occur, which is severe or indicated in purple. The next R is the right place. If you wanna keep the nutrients you invested in the root zone, this can be done through practices like side dress nitrogen, or applying manure unestablished cover crops. You could also use a tool like SAIS, the Sensitive Area Identification System to identify ecologically sensitive areas that may be prone to soil erosion, by wind or water, leaching of nutrients and other risk factors. Keeping nutrients in the right place means thinking ahead about the fields you spread on and when. So if you must apply manure to frozen or snow covered ground, consider the slope of the field you choose according to the GAAMPs snow here on the slide. Application. This is a step where you put it all into practice. And I'm sure you've heard the saying, "The best-laid plans of mice and men often go awry." Well, it's important to stay flexible and be ready to put some of the tools we discussed to good use. If you spread manure regularly, you should consider the impacts of the weight of the equipment on your soil. Compaction transfers more deeply into the soil when the soil is wet or moist. Compaction can really affect yield when precipitation is an ideal like when we have drought or when we have too much rain. This is a list of some of the things you can do to prevent or lessen soil compaction. Other equipment can cause compaction too, it's important to think about the traffic patterns in the fields with all equipment passes. Spill kits, do you have one? If not, contact your local conservation district. They might have something to give you or maybe they can help you put one together. You also know how to use your spill kit. Not everything in a spill kit is applicable for every kind of spill. So if you have a manure spill, that might be a different tool in spill kit versus like a petroleum spill, which you wouldn't wanna use the wrong thing at the wrong time. Be a good neighbor. Try to avoid days of strong winds blowing toward houses and holidays. Spread in the morning. The smell arise with the temperature. Be mindful about where you feel stockpile and when you have the manure delivered. The easiest way to do all this is to talk with your neighbors about your plans and avoid conflict if possible. Being a good neighbor can really prevent a lot of complaints. The next step to nutrient management planning is feedback. Testing your soil and looking for changes over time, perhaps using a tool like the soil health progress report. Keeping good records is essential to know how to alter your practices for more efficiency in the future. You can also do tests like corn stock, nitrate tests, or pre side dress nitrate testing, to refine your plan during the season. If you need assistance with any of this, you can contact me, there's also technical assistance through the Natural Resource Conservation Service, your conservation district might be able to provide assistance with some of these things. And then of course, there's consultants available too. If you haven't listened to the podcast, by MSU extension field crops team, you're missing out. The virtual breakfast recordings can be found there as well, and interviews with researchers and farmers. This year we'll also be enrolling two self-paced courses, one in soil health, and the other on nutrient management. If you're interested in those, get in contact with me. Thanks for joining me today. If you need assistance with nutrient management or any other manure topics, you can contact me, Sarah Fronczak, or my colleague, Erica Rogers, and I'd be happy to take any questions to my email. Thank you. - [Eric] All right, that was presentation by Sarah Fronczak. And we do have a couple of questions while I am looking these over. And then go ahead and have Jon LaPorte who again is one of our farm management educators. He's going to kick off the next talk here. And Jon, I might tee a couple of these up for you. I think one of them might just be a comment. Sarah was referring to spill kits, and someone was saying that technicians from the Meet Program have spill kits available for those who are verified in their program. So thanks for that. And then here's another question. I guess you and I can, this may be a little bit rhetorical. But do you think we focus too much on the math and the main macronutrients with manure given what we know about the biological ecosystem of the soil, and the beneficial effects of building carbon in the soil and how they can do and how the microbial world can unlock the nutrients already in the soil. So really good point. I guess probably if I were playing Sarah here, I would say all of that, whether it's the amount of macronutrients or for the micronutrients in there is definitely going to depend on not just the type of manure, but a lot of factors having to do with where, let's just say it's a dairy farm. Where those cattle are in their cycle with the feed rations were at that particular time of year, was that pit just stirred prior to pumping it out? So if you have the ability to get us a test, get a report on that particular load, typically, they only test every, I don't know, five or six loads coming out. So if you can get that number, yes, definitely beneficial. Do we focus too much in the macronutrients? As possible, but definitely, I hear what you're saying about the micronutrients. I think someone, I think that's the same thing about the spill kits. So Jon, did you wanna comment on that last question before you kick things off? - Well, I think that actually can kind of head into my presentation a little bit. We tend to focus a lot on the macronutrients because if we have to pay for them, if we don't already have them in the soil, we're trying to figure out what to add, they're the most costly. And so that's from one perspective I look at. We do spend a lot of time on the macronutrients, a lot of it's because of that idea of what we have to supply ends up being very expensive if we have to supply it to the soil. I think it also goes back a little bit to what Chris Honkey was talking about, but thinking about the soil is kind of a bank. I'm not an expert on carbon buildup. So I'm not sure, as we build up carbon, how long that typically takes. So there's probably some of that in play. There's a whole lot of factors that go into that as we think about what we do know, there's also a lot of what we don't know about for those on the soil. So I think the focus tends to be on the math and the macronutrients mainly because of some of the things that we know we can control. And that's kind of where my thought goes to on that. Again, I'm not an expert on carbon buildup, that's probably a question for Sarah, and maybe even Kurt to maybe touch on a little bit. But that's kind of my thoughts. Because when we think about macronutrients, there's an awful lot of expense that goes into that. As we're kind of shifting into thinking about the costs. Eric, is my screen up, okay? - [Eric] Yeah, it's good. - Awesome. All right, so because of the extreme costs that we've been seeing this year, thinking about building our nutrient plans and kind of somewhat building off of what Sarah talked about, and also what Kurt talked about earlier, we need to think about how we approach these nutrient budgets, with this higher cost of fertilizer that's out there. Now, the first slide I've got here is actually an updated slide from even the one that Kurt had. He showed one of these from October, right before we saw the next big jump in fertilizer prices. And so what we have seen is there's significant increase from spring to fall within 2021. If you do the comparisons, you think back to where we were in the spring of 2020, we started to see some shifting in fertilizer prices, Kurt did a nice job of mentioning, there's a lot of different factors that were in play, long before we've we've got what's going on in kind of current events that we're starting to come together, then we started to have some other increases, supply chain issues were some things that we're still dealing with. There was some of the export bans that started from some of the other countries that are supplying. And then we have current scenarios going on over in country like Ukraine, that just kind of add to our overall situation. And so the reason I still keep the slide up, even though it still says fall of 2021 was because at one point, I went to update this slide, and because we heard start to get some rumblings that some prices were starting to soften a little bit. So this was miss current, but over here in the last couple weeks, prices have kind of risen back to where these, percentages are still pretty normal for at least very common right now for what we're experiencing. And so as we start to think about how to manage these fertilizer prices, I think it's very important even as the first part of March, there's a lot of farms that still haven't bought a lot of fertilizer, yet, they've been kind of waiting to see what happened with pricing. And when I echo Kurt a little bit here again, saying availability is certainly a big question. And so one of the first things to think about is because of availability, because of pricing, as we shift to try to build our nutrient plan, we need to think about, once we've got it, once we've paid for it, how are we gonna go about applying it? And one of the first things that we often talk about is that we wanna be kind of conscious about kind of securing this investment, especially this year when fertilizer is very, very expensive. So if we apply everything at pre plant, may really be too early for that crop to fully utilize, there's that concern of nitrification or leaching. It's something you put out over the top of the ground, you've got volatilization concerns. The other factor is that it may not be readily available because of those factors later on in the season. So we don't typically talk about putting everything down at planting, or right before planting. On the other side, and Kurt mentioned this as well, that there is also some concern about if we apply everything at post emergence, timing wise that could work really well depending on weather conditions. But if we don't put enough up front to get that crop up to that side dress time, we're gonna have some concerns about uniform growth, there may be some nutrient deficiencies that also show up along the way. And so as we think about applications, we typically wanna talk about trying to split those application over multiple periods, this is really important, especially for our sandier soils that have lower CEC numbers, lower nutrient holding capacity. And I just wanna kind of run through a quick example, to kind of highlight this where given prices, if we were to apply 250 pounds of nitrogen right at planting and focusing on corn here. Well, we know from research that leaching can cause up to a 30% loss. And so if we have 250 pounds, 30% of that is 75 pounds have lost nitrogen. If we're thinking about close to $1 for our nitrogen costs, we do a little quick math here, and we find out that we have lost $72 per acre of our investment. And on top of that, we also don't have the nutrients that are available when plants need them later on. And so one of the things that we wanna also think about is the use of these nitrogen protections. And the situation is you have to be concerned, you have to be cognizant of the fact of, are we worried about the potential for nitrogen loss, are we gonna have a scenario where these products may be useful. And so something to think about is that there's a lot of different types of products. And I don't wanna spend a lot of time talking about each different type of product, I think Kurt did a nice job of explaining the difference between these. But one of the things we wanna think about is, if we are thinking we might have a nitrogen loss situation, and we want to try to protect this investment. What are the costs of adding that because we're in a year where we're trying to cut back costs quite a bit. But in some cases, we still wanna maintain our investment in certain products, if we think there is some potential savings. So as we think about this, let's think about cost and savings in terms of a nitrogen protectant. Just one quick example here of a product, I'm using Instinct NXTGEN, I could pick any other product to work in this case. The idea here is we're looking at it's costing about $75 per gallon, we figure out a use rate of about 24 ounces per acre. And so we do some conversion, to get us down to what the rate per gallon would be, to eventually come up with this cost that we're looking around $14.25 per acre. Now, when we think about savings, we are just talking about this nitrogen loss. And so we're looking at $72 that we're trying to factor in. But the other thing is, is how effective are these nitrogen protectants. Based on research and even industry documentation, nitrogen protectants are not considered to be super efficient, you're not gonna save every ounce of nitrogen that you put into the soil when you put one of these products out there. And so industry number is saying about 16% efficient. Well, 16% of 75 pounds means we're only gonna save about 12 pounds. So when you kind of factor that in at only saving 12 pounds at about $1 per pound, we're around $11.52 per acre. Now, it doesn't take a whole lot of math at this point to say, well, there's not a whole lot of savings to outweigh the cost of the product. But the other thing that we wanna think about is the yield that we're trying to save. We think about those 12 pounds, about 1.2 pounds of nitrogen is used for every bushel that we're trying to grow. So real quickly, that's about a 10 bushel potential savings. Now I'm using a price to kind of value this 4.80, this is based on a long term projection for market average price for the corn crop from the 2022 to 2023 marketing year. So the crop we're gonna harvest in this fall, and then sell throughout of 2023. I expect this number to kind of go up because this is a USDA projection. I expect this to go up a little bit with kind of the increase in the market we've seen here in the last week or two. This number was released just before the markets jumped up again. But for now we're gonna say $4.80. So about $48 per acre that we're looking at in terms of a bushel savings. Well, when you kind of add this stuff all up together, you've got the $48 from the bushels, you've got the $11.52 of your fertilizer that you have maintained against that $14.25 for the actual protectant. And so what we're looking at is roughly the potential of a $45 net benefit to using a protector. Now keep in mind, effectiveness of using protectants is gonna vary based on the environmental conditions, you also have to have the conditions that Kurt mentioned in her earlier presentation to really warrant the use of this and to see that effectiveness. But if you do, and if it's something you're concerned about, there's great potential to use that from a cost benefit consideration. The other thing we wanna think about as we're building our nutrient plans is the use of removal rates. Now, when we start talking about using removal rates, that does not mean don't soil sample. I think today on the program, it's been said many times over by at least a couple of us, you need a soil sample, you need to know if your soil is at that maintenance level. And as Kurt showed earlier, there's this kind of shift in where we've gone to as we look at the latest tristate fertilizer recommendations, there is a shift of looking to try to maintain versus trying to do a drawdown of our fertilizer looking at our soil test levels. And the reason is because we were trying to prevent ourselves or prepare ourselves for kind of the situation we're in right now with higher fertilizer prices. And so as you think about the latest information, there's some changes that were made that on the surface don't look like a lot of significance. We look at our P2O5 numbers in the change for corn. If I highlight here, we've got about a two cent change, actually .02 change in terms of the pounds we need for bushel, when we will look at K2O of .07. So it doesn't seem like a lot of change, we see a larger change on on K2O for soybeans. And we see probably the most between the two nutrient types in wheat between P2O5 and K2O. Well, where we wanna think about this is really in terms of the dollars and cents. So we've got a corn yield goal of 200 bushels. Using the old rates, if we were just trying to use removal rates, we're talking about 74 pounds of phosphorus fertilizer for looking at K2O, we're looking at 54 pounds of potassium fertilizer that we're gonna need. Well, the change doesn't look like a whole lot on the surface with the new rates because we go from 74 pounds on P2O5 down to 70. We go from 54 pounds on K2O down to 40. And so we see four pounds less and 14 pounds less. Let's add some of these newer prices we're seeing into the mix here. If we think about using a product like DAP, where we do some math to get down to and this is the 51 cents per pound, is only the phosphorus part of the fertilizer, the nitrogen price has been kind of pulled out of this. You're looking at a $4.30 per acre savings in just that four pounds. If we go to K2O, where we're looking around 66 cents at potash based on the pricing we have, we're talking upwards of $15.40 per acre just by using these updated removal rates, and the latest research information to kind of help us do some planning. That's almost a $20 per acre savings, just because we're making sure we're using the latest research information and basing our plans on these lower rates we have for this crop. Now of course the other way to do a nutrient plan, the way that we often recommend the most is the soil test-based recommendations where you've gone out you've done the soil test, your soil lab has provided you with a form similar to this where it's got some information based on your yield goal, what it is that you should be applying to the soil to make sure you get to that point. So we're getting we're putting nutrients into this bank to get us to the potential where we can achieve that yield goal we have for the farm. And that's where I really wanna take a moment to introduce the MSU Fertilizer Cost Comparison Decision Tool. This tool is designed to help identify the nutrients that are gonna be supplied by commercial fertilizer and ultimately how to meet nutrient needs at the lowest possible cost. Now use this tool you're gonna need some information to bring in with you. You're gonna need your yield goals. You're gonna need to know fertilizer product prices, so not a general list of average price across the state. You wanna have your Local prices that you're looking to actually spend money on. Soil test results and recommendations, any nutrient values that you have from manure applications where a nutrient analysis is definitely recommended. And then also any information on previous crops that were grown for some nutrient credits. I'll walk through kind of a quick example of how this functions, kind of coming back to the soil test example we have here. We've got a expected yield of 200 bushels. So we've kind of say consistent our example throughout today's presentation. Basically, based on this, we're looking at 150 pounds of nitrogen, 125 pounds of phosphates, and then 75 pounds of potassium that we need to meet this yield goal. Well, as you go into the tool, you start out what we call our nutrient management tab. This is an Excel-based tool. So there's different tabs at the bottom of the tool, and you start at the nutrient management, so we wanna put first in our yield goal. What that's gonna do is kind of set the stage for what we're trying to meet from nutrients. We then wanna input in the recommendations from the soil test lab. So again, we're going back to the example of what we had from our soil test, there was kind of a cut off part where there was also eight pounds of sulfur was suggested on a lower part of the form that I didn't show. So we have our information from the soil test. But then also for comparison, we have these nutrient removal rates. Now, the first thing to remember about using this tool, kind of a standard in any kind of decision tool that I develop is, if there's a gray box with blue lettering, that is something that you can actually change the numbers or even change the information inside of it. For the nutrient removal section. This is not a gray box with blue lettering. Instead, it is being driven off of the yield goal that you've input into the tool, using information from the tristate fertilizer recommendations to outline what those nutrient removal levels should be. So this is an automatic as soon as you put in your yield goal. From there, we wanna kind of go further down this page to get to where we start thinking about credits and thinking about the things we've already done to supply nutrients to the field or what we've put into the soil bank. If we've got manure that we are applying this year or have applied, and we especially having nutrient analysis on those, you input that information here, important factor when it comes to manure application is you wanna be cognizant of that volatilization. So if it's sitting on the surface of the soil, the dates of incorporation is gonna take and you're gonna lose some of those nutrients just because of some of the nitrile nutrient cycling. And so you wanna import that and this tool will actually adjust for some of that and reduce down from this number what you actually have available. If you apply manure last year, you have some nutrient analysis information or there's some book values you wanna use, there's some tools to that or links to that in the tool here, you can apply those to say that's in the soil bank that's still breaking down for from last year that's gonna be available this year. And then if you had a previous crop, such as soybeans, that you wanted to give yourself some credit for some nitrogen that's still there, that's gonna be available for you to input in the tool as well. At the bottom of this page, when this kind of sets up the actual getting to the numbers part of the dollars and cents, you have the ability to look at two different types of recommendations, you're trying to meet, either your soil test-based recommendations which have been reduced by the manure that's been applied, any nutrient credits that's been provided into the tool, or the nutrient removal side of things where again, these numbers have also been reduced by those same numbers. So depending on which type of plan, nutrient plan you're gonna build from, you've got a starting point of what you have to get supplied from those commercial fertilizer products. Shifting over to the next tab, is where we wanna talk about the fertilizer prices and the products you're gonna use. We have input into this tool, products, the very common products that people are gonna use here in this kind of green area. So you don't have to put in any information here. These are based off of labels. What you do need to supply would be any additional products here in the red area down below where you wanna include additional products that you have, maybe it's a special fertilizer blend that you're using, or some other new product that's come out that you wanna make sure is included. And then you also wanna make sure you're including the per unit price, whatever you're buying it as if it's a per gallon or it's a per ton. That kind of information, you would input into the tool and make sure you've got the pricing in there as well. Micronutrients are a part of this. There's also a place for adding lining agents. And then also nitrogen stabilizer if you have one that you wanna include as part of your nutrient plan. The big key is getting to this page here where the tool actually all comes together. And trying to input the different applications that you're gonna have. You can look at the plan one versus plan two and do some different mixes of fertilizer, different options you wanna have through, ultimately coming down to this final page, or final section of the page, where you look through and see what is my last application, what am I getting per application, which then leads to a total application for your entire plan. And then also you can compare that back to whether it's nutrient removal, or the soil test-based recommendation. As we wrap up here, this tool is not supposed to be a source for neutral recommendations, you need to bring that into the equation, but it does use a lot of research information to put together a lot of what you see in there to help you build your plans and think about the overall cost that goes with those plans and thinking through what products am I using, how am I gonna get to that nutrient goal in the lowest possible costs out there and look at a lot of different options for you to build that.