Tom Fernandez Ph.D.

Tom Fernandez, Ph.D.

Contact Me

Professor
Department of Horticulture

Phone:
517-353-0336

Email:
fernan15@msu.edu

Degrees:
PhD

Quick links: Education Experience Teaching Publications Extension Research

Joined the department

September 1999

Appointment

45% Research

30% Teaching

25% Extension

Current and Previous Experience

Professor, Dept. of Horticulture, MSU, 2016 - present

Associate Professor, Dept. of Horticulture, MSU, 2003 - 2016

Assistant Professor, Dept. of Horticulture, MSU, 1999 - 2003

Assistant Professor, Dept. of Horticulture, Clemson University, 1996 - 1999

Assistant Professor, Dept. of Horticulture, Louisiana State University, 1995 - 1996

Post-doctoral Research Associate, Dept. of Horticulture, MSU, 1992 - 1995

Education

Ph.D., Michigan State University, December 1992

M.S., University of Florida, May 1989

B.S., University of Florida, May 1986

Teaching

Nursery Management (HRT 310) Fall Semester: Management of wholesale container and field production nurseries. Business development, management, site selection, financial aspects, legal regulations, production practices (nutrition, water management, pest management, pruning and training, storage and handling, shipping). The course includes a semester long project with small scale nurseries. Typically 3,000 to 4,000 plants are donated as well as fertilizer and potting substrate for the project each year for over $70,000 in gifts-in-kind to date (2000-2008). Nurseries have 3 to 5 student members responsible for 300-500 plants per nursery. The nurseries grow the plants, develop cost of production estimates, catalogs, a sales and marketing program, mock sell to 3 faculty members, and determine profit or loss for the semester. Plants are used in fund-raisers to off-set other class project costs, my and other faculty members’ research projects, Hort Club fund-raisers, and HTRC, Horticulture Demonstration Garden and MSU campus plantings.

Landscape Plant Identification I (HRT 211) Fall Semester: Identification characteristics and uses of herbaceous perennials, shade trees and summer and fall flowering shrubs and trees. Emphasis is on common landscape plants. Approximately 220 species are covered.

Research

My program's primary focus is on understanding agrichemical (pesticides, growth regulators, fertilizers) transport in container production systems. Additionally, we investigate methods to mitigate negative effects of agrichemical transport through retention at the site of application or remediated contaminated water using bioreactors.

Publications in Past 5 Years

Poudyal, S., D.E. Abdi, J.S. Owen, R.T. Fernandez, B. Cregg. 2022. Effect of residual pesticides in recycled nursery runoff on growth and physiology of six ornamental shrubs. Water Air Soil Poll 233:3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-021-05468-7
Quino, J., J.M. Maja, J. Robbins, J. Owen, M. Chappell, J.N. Camargo and R.T. Fernandez. 2022. The relationship between drone speed and the number of flights in RFID tag reading for plant inventory. Drones. 6:2. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones6010002
Abdi, D.E., J.S. Owen Jr., P.C. Wilson, F.O. Hinz, B.M. Cregg, R.T. Fernandez. 2021. Reducing pesticide transport in surface and subsurface irrigation return flow in specialty crop production. Agr. Water Manage. 256: 107124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107124
Abdi, D.E., J.S. Owen Jr., J.C. Brindley, A.C. Birnbaum, P.C. Wilson, F.O. Hinz, B.M. Cregg, R.T. Fernandez. 2021. Irrigation return flow and nutrient movement mitigation by irrigation method for container plant production. Irrigation Sci. 39:567-585. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00271-021-00727-1
Poudyal, S., J.S. Owen, Jr., T.D. Sharkey, R.T. Fernandez and B. Cregg. 2021. Phosphorus requirement for biomass accumulation is higher compared to photosynthetic biochemistry for three ornamental shrubs. Sci. Hortic. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109719
Quino, J., J.M. Maja, J. Robbins, R.T. Fernandez, J. Owen, M. Chappell. 2021. RFID and drones: The next generation of plant inventory. AgriEngineering 3:168-181. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering3020011
Abdi, D.E., J.S. Owen Jr., J.C. Brindley, A.C. Birnbaum, P.C. Wilson, F.O. Hinz, G. Reguera, J. Lee, B.M. Cregg, D.R. Kort, R.T. Fernandez. 2020. Nutrient and Pesticide Remediation Using a Two-stage Bioreactor-Adsorbtive System Under Two Hydraulic Retention Times. Water Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115311
Knuth, M.J., B.K. Behe, P.T. Huddleston, C.R. Hall, R.T. Fernandez, H. Khachatryan. 2020. Water conserving message influences purchasing decision of consumers. Water https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123487
McClaran, N., B.K. Behe, P. Huddleston and R.T. Fernandez. 2020. Recycled or reclaimed? The effect of terminology on water reuse perceptions. Journal of Environmental Management 261:110144, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110144
Poudyal, S., J.S. Owen, Jr., R.T. Fernandez and B. Cregg. 2020. Sensitivity of Hydrangea paniculata plants to residual herbicides in recycled irrigation varies with plant growth stage. Water Special Issue: Irrigation and Water Resources Management of Landscape Plants 12, https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051402
Abdi, D.E. and R.T. Fernandez. 2019. Reducing water and pesticide movement in nursery production. HortTechnology; https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH04298-19
Fernandez, R.T., N.A. Pershey, J.A. Andresen and B.M. Cregg. 2019. Water conserving irrigation practices, plant growth, seasonal crop coefficients, and nutrition of container-grown woody ornamentals. Water Special Issue: Irrigation and Water Resources Management of Landscape Plants 11, 2070; https://doi.org/10.3390/w11102070
Knight, J., D.E. Abdi, D.L. Ingram and R.T. Fernandez. 2019. Water footprint analysis of container-grown plants in a model research nursery as affected by irrigation and fertilization treatments. Water, 11(12), 2436; https://doi.org/10.3390/w11122436
Knuth, M., B. Behe, C. Hall, P. Huddleston and R. Fernandez. 2019. Sit back or dig in: The role of activity level in landscape market segmentation. HortScience 54:1818-1823; https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI14158-19
Poudyal, S., R.T. Fernandez, J.O. Owen and B.M. Cregg. 2019. Dose-dependent phytotoxicity of pesticides in simulated nursery runoff on landscape nursery plants. Water 11, 2354; https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112354
White, S.A., J.S. Owen, J.C. Majsztrik, L.R. Oki, P.R. Fisher, C.R. Hall, J.D. Lea-Cox and R.T. Fernandez. 2019. Greenhouse and nursery water management characterization and research priorities. Water 11, 2338; https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112338
Behe, B.K., M. Knuth, C.R. Hall, P.T. Huddleston, and R.T. Fernandez. 2018. Consumer involvement with and expertise in water conservation and plants affect landscape plant purchases, importance, and enjoyment. HortScience 53:1164-1171; https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI13119-18
Knuth, M., B.K. Behe, C.R. Hall, P. Huddleston and R.T. Fernandez. 2018. Consumer perceptions of landscape plant production water sources and uses in the landscape during perceived and real drought. HortTechnology 28:85-93; https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH03893-17
Knuth, M., B.K. Behe, C.R. Hall, P. Huddleston and R.T. Fernandez. 2018. Consumer perceptions, attitudes, and purchase behavior with landscape plants during real and perceived drought periods. HortScience 53:49-54; https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI12482-17
Majsztrik, J.C., R.T. Fernandez, P.R. Fisher, D.R. Hitchcock, J. Lea-Cox, J.S. Owen, Jr., L.R. Oki and S.A. White. 2017. Water use and treatment in containerized specialty crop production: A review. Water Air and Soil Pollution 2017:228:151; https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3272-1
Palma, M.A., B.K. Behe, C.R. Hall, P.T. Huddleston, and R.T. Fernandez. 2016. Tracking position premiums in discrete choice experiments. Applied Economics Letters; https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2016.1150941
Behe, B. K., P.T. Huddleston, M. Bae, R.T. Fernandez, M. Palma, C.R. Hall. 2015. The effect of involvement on visual attention and product choice. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 24(5):10-21.
Brumfield, R.G., A.J. DeVincentis, X. Wang, R.T. Fernandez, S. Nambuthiri, R.L. Geneve, A.K. Koeser, G. Bi, G. Niu, D. Cochran, A. Fulcher. 2015. Economics of utilizing alternative containers in ornamental crop production systems. HortTechnology 25:17-25; https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.25.1.17
Huddleston, P., B.K. Behe, S. Minahan, and R.T. Fernandez. 2015. Seeking Attention: A study of in-store merchandise displays using eye-tracking. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 43:561-574.
King, A.R., M.A. Palma, B.K. Behe, R.T. Fernandez, L. Sage, C.R. Hall, and M.A. Arnold. 2015. Garden consumers’ behavior and attitudes toward woody plants and water conservation in two selected communities. J. Environ. Hort. 33:110-118
Li, T., G. Bi, G. Niu, S. Nambuthiri, R. Geneve, X. Wang, R.T. Fernandez, Y. Sun, X. Zhao. 2015. Feasibility of using biocontainers in a pot-in-pot system for nursery production of river birch. HortTechnology 25:57-62; https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.25.1.57
Nambuthiri, S., R.L. Geneve, Y. Sun, X. Wang, R.T. Fernandez, G. Niu, G. Bi, A. Fulcher. 2015. Substrate temperature in black plastic, wood pulp, keratin, and fabric nursery containers. HortTechnology 25:50-56; https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.25.1.50
Pershey, N.A., R.T. Fernandez, B.M. Cregg and J.A. Andresen. 2015. Irrigating based on daily water use reduces nursery effluent volume and nutrient load without reducing growth of four conifers. HortScience 50:1553-1561; https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.50.10.1553
Wang, W., R.T. Fernandez, B.M. Cregg, R. Auras, A. Fulcher, D.R. Cochran, G. Niu, Y. Sun, G. Bi, S. Nambuthiri, R.L.Geneve. 2015. Multi-state evaluation of plant growth and water use in plastic and alternative nursery containers. HortTechnology 25:42-49; https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.25.1.42

Extension

Extension programs in water management and quality for wholesale production nurseries, substrates and nutrition for container production, water use legislation as it affects nurseries, estimating cost of production.

Extension and Trade Journal Publications in Past 5 Years

Fernandez, R.T. 2022. Great Lakes water resource: A brief overview. Great Lakes Christmas Tree Journal 18(3):30-34 https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.32759.50087
Fernandez, R.T. 2022. Michigan water security: Water source considerations. Great Lakes Christmas Tree Journal 18(2):32-35. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.19337.72806
Fernandez, R.T. 2021. Landscaping by deer: Deer resistant plants in a horticulturist’s home garden. The Michigan Landscape Sept/Oct Issue:33-42. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.15982.28489
Behe, B.K., M. Knuth, C. Hall, P. Huddleston and R.T. Fernandez. 2018. Irrigation importance: Consumers value water source during production and plants’ water use while in the landscape. Nursery Management Pro. http://www.nurserymag.com/article/irrigation-importance/
Behe, B.K., M. Knuth, C. Hall, P. Huddleston and R.T. Fernandez. 2018. Conserving water, sales. Nursery Management Pro. http://www.nurserymag.com/article/conserving-water-sales/
Fernandez, R.T. 2018. Good timing: Learn how to properly schedule irrigation to improve water management. Nursery Management http://www.nurserymag.com/article/good-timing-june-2018/
Fernandez, R.T. 2018. Where do nutrients go when you irrigate? How to better manage irrigation to enhance nutrient retention in container production. Nursery Management May 2018 http://www.nurserymag.com/article/where-do-nutrients-go-when-you-irrigate/
Knuth, M., B.K. Behe, C. Hall, P. Huddleston and R.T. Fernandez. 2018. Consumer perceptions, attitudes, and purchase behavior with landscape plants during real and perceived drought periods. Nursery Management.
Fernandez, R.T. 2018. Water Alkalinity and pH: What They Mean in Regards to Water Quality. MSU Nursery and Christmas Tree Production Newsletter, April 12, 2018. http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/water_alkalinity_and_ph_what_they_mean_in_regards_to_water_quality
Fernandez, R.T. 2014. RFID: How it works and what it can do for the Green Industry. AmericanHort Connect 9:6-7, 9, 12 MSU Extension Publication
Fernandez, R.T. 2014. The future of water quality. American Nurseryman. June 2014, p. 18-21.
Fernandez, R.T., R. Betz, and T.A. Dudek. 2014. Cost of Production Spreadsheet Example MSU Extension Publication
Fernandez, R.T., R. Betz, and T.A. Dudek. 2014. Cost of Production Spreadsheet for 25 Enterprises MSU Extension Publication
Fernandez, R.T., R. Betz, and T.A. Dudek. 2014. Cost of Production Spreadsheet for 50 Enterprises MSU Extension Publication
Fernandez, R.T., R. Betz, and T.A. Dudek. 2014. Cost of Production Spreadsheet for 100 Enterprises MSU Extension Publication

Presentations to Industry Audiences in Past 5 Years

Fernandez, R.T. 2022. Reducing pesticide movement in surface and subsurface irrigation return flow. Invited webinar Gro Pro Webinar Series, American Floral Endowment July 2022.
Fernandez, R.T. 2022. Deer resistant plants at a horticulturist home garden. MSUE Plant Quest Webinar. February 14, 2022
Fernandez, R.T. 2022. Managing water movement and associated contaminants in container production. Invited presentation MNLA GLTE, Lansing, MI January 24, 2022.
Fernandez, R.T. 2022. My poisonous garden, Oh Deer! Invited presentation MNLA GLTE, Lansing, MI January 24, 2022.
Fernandez, R.T. 2021. Irrigating container-grown nursery crops. Michiana Irrigation Association Fall Webinar, August 18, 2021
Fernandez, R.T. 2021. Deer resistant plants for Michigan. Invited Presentation WJR “The Gardening Show”, August 4, 2021
Fernandez, R.T. 2020. The ins & outs of irrigation: Scheduling irrigation to reduce input volume and irrigation return flow out. Colorado Nursery and Greenhouse Association Fall Workshop via Zoom. October 29, 2020
Fernandez, R.T. 2020. Irrigation management to improve growth, conserve water, and increase profits. Invited presentation Nursery Management (national) Increasing Profits Virtual Conference. February 25, 2020. Webinar
Fernandez, R.T. 2020. Conserving water and reducing nutrient and pesticide movement by irrigation management. Invited presentation MNLA GLTE, Lansing, MI January 27, 2020.
Fernandez, R.T. 2020. Your irrigation runoff- Are you protected? Invited presentation MNLA GLTE, Lansing, MI January 27, 2020.
Abdi, D.E and R.T. Fernandez. 2019. Sanitizing agents and methods for removing pathogens from irrigation water. West Michigan Nursery Growers, Webinar
Fernandez, R.T. 2019. Clean WateR3 Program Report. Michigan Seedling Growers Association Annual Meeting, Ludington, MI. Sept. 19, 2019
Calabro, J., C. Cannon, P. Doruska, R.T. Fernandez, B. Meyer, and M. Vollmer. 2018 Automating and innovating tree monitoring techniques for the nursery, arborist, and forester. Invited Panel Member AmericanHort Webinar. November 15, 2018.
Calabro, J., C. Cannon, P. Doruska, R.T. Fernandez, B. Meyer, and M. Vollmer. 2018 Automating and innovating tree monitoring techniques for the nursery, arborist, and forester. Invited Panel Member Oregon Far West Trade Show, Portland, OR. August 22, 2018.
Abdi, D.E. and R.T. Fernandez. 2018. Bioreactors for nursery and greenhouse water remediation. University of Florida grower webinar.
Abdi, D.E. and R.T. Fernandez. 2018. Reducing water and pesticide movement in nurseries. Invited presentation Maryland Grower Conference, August 6, 2018.
Behe, B.K. and R.T. Fernandez. 2018. Research that matters: RFID and consumer products. Invited presentation Cultivate18, Columbus, OH July 16, 2018.
Fernandez, R.T. and D.E. Abdi. 2018. Water and pesticide movement in container production as affected by irrigation practices. Invited presentation California Nursery Conference, Watsonville, CA June 21, 2018.
Fernandez, R.T. and D.E. Abdi. 2018. What’s in the water leaving your nursery and where it is going. Invited presentation MNLA GLTE, Lansing, MI January 22, 2018.

Abdi, D.E. and R.T. Fernandez. 2018. Keeping up with the stones: Benefits of using calcined aggregates throughout the nursery. Invited presentation MNLA GLTE, Lansing, MI January 22, 2018.
Fernandez, R.T. 2017. Keeping nutrients in their place: Irrigation management to enhance nutrient retention in container production. Invited presentation International Plant Propagator’s Society Annual Meeting 2017. Grand Rapids, MI, October 13, 2017.
Fernandez, R.T. 2017. Tune in to your plants with radio frequency identification. Invited presentation. 2017 AmericanHort Production Technology, Dallas, TX October 10, 2017.
Fernandez, R.T. 2017. Where do nutrients go when you irrigate? Managing irrigation to enhance nutrient retention in container production. Invited presentation. 2017 California Nursery Conference: Water Management in Nursery and Greenhouse Production. Irvine, CA, July 27, 2017.
Fernandez, R.T. 2017. Irrigating to keep nutrients in their place helps grow more with less. Invited presentation Grower conference: Tools and Technologies for Irrigation Management in Container and Field Nurseries, Raleigh, NC. June 15, 2017.
Fernandez, R.T. 2017. RFID for the green industry: current research and potential uses. Invited presentation Chesapeake Green, Baltimore, MD. February 23, 2017.
Fernandez, R.T. and D.E. Abdi. 2017. Irrigation through the cloud: Using wireless irrigation systems to schedule and control irrigation for container crops. Invited presentation MNLA GLTE, Lansing, MI January 23, 2017
Fernandez, R.T. 2016. Scheduling irrigation to get more plants per gallon. Invited presentation Cultivate16, AmericanHort Conference and Trade Show, Columbus, OH. July 12, 2016
Fernandez, R.T. 2016. The good, the bad, and the potential of RFID. Invited presentation Cultivate16, AmericanHort Conference and Trade Show, Columbus, OH. July 11, 12, 2016
Fernandez, R.T. 2016. More plants per gallon: Irrigation scheduling to grow better plants. Invited presentation MNLA GLTE, Lansing, MI January 25, 2016
Fernandez, R.T. 2016. Irrigation distribution, uniformity and efficiency. Invited presentation MNLA GLTE, Lansing, MI January 25, 2016
Fernandez, R.T., Organizer. 2015. Its all about water and increasing your bottom line. Conference with 8 nationally known speakers and tour of 4 cutting edge greenhouse and nursery operations for growers, faculty, extension staff, and students. Sponsored by MSU AgBio Research, MSUE, MNLA, SCRI WateR3. July 28-29, 2015, Grand Rapids, MI
Fernandez, R.T. 2015. Plants on the radio: Tracking plants with RFID. Invited presentation MNLA GLTE, Lansing, MI January 26, 2015
Fernandez, R.T. 2015. Understanding costs to improve nursery profitability. Invited presentation MNLA GLTE, Lansing, MI January 26, 2015
Fernandez, R.T. 2015. Making sense of irrigation scheduling: Scheduling with moisture sensors. Invited presentation MNLA GLTE, Lansing, MI January 26, 2015
Fernandez, R.T. 2014. Using RFID as inventory management and decision support tools for the green industries. Invited presentation Nursery and Garden Industry of Queensland, August 13, 2014, Brisbane, Australia.
Fernandez, R.T. 2014. Testing nursery substrate physical and chemical properties. Summer Nursery Discussions Series July 24, 2014, Allendale, MI
Lea-Cox, J., M. van Iersel, and R.T. Fernandez. 2014. Improving operation profitability via wise water use. Invited presentation Cultivate14, AmericanHort Conference and Trade Show, Columbus, OH
Lea-Cox, J., M. van Iersel, and R.T. Fernandez. 2014. Hands-on Lab: Improving operation profitability via wise water use. Invited presentation Cultivate14, AmericanHort Conference and Trade Show, Columbus, OH
Fernandez, R.T. 2014. RFID: How it works and what it can do for you. Invited presentation Cultivate14, AmericanHort Conference and Trade Show, Columbus, OH
Fernandez, R.T. 2014. Not just another pretty plant: Using plants for improving water resources. Meadow Brook Garden Club. April 25, 2014
Fernandez, R.T. 2014. Phytoremediation: Putting plants to work. Kalamazoo Area interested citizens. Portage, MI April 15, 2014
Fernandez, R.T. 2014. Winter in the Garden … I’m so over that. Plants with Winter (and other) Season Interest. Capital Area Master Gardeners, East Lansing, MI Feb. 4, 2014.
Fernandez, R.T. 2014. Something old, something new: Trees and shrubs for Michigan. Invited presentation MSUE Plants of Distinction Program. Grand Rapids (Feb 3) and Novi (Feb 4).
Fernandez, R.T. 2014. Do your plants have a drinking problem? Managing irrigation to improve plant growth and quality. Invited presentation Idaho Horticulture Expo, Boise, ID. January 23, 2014
Fernandez, R.T. 2014. It’ll cost you: Not understanding costs of production reduces nursery profitability. Invited presentation Idaho Horticulture Expo, Boise, ID. January 23, 2014
Fernandez, R.T. 2014. Stemming the off-site tide: Managing nursery irrigation and runoff. Invited presentation Ohio Nursery Short Course, Columbus OH. January 13, 2014
Fernandez, R.T. 2014. Keeping it cool: The challenges of overwintering plants in Michigan. Invited presentation MNLA GLTE, Grand Rapids, MI January 6, 2014
Fernandez, R.T. 2014. How water quality, substrates and irrigation management affects container plant production and movement of nutrients and pesticides. Invited presentation MNLA GLTE, Grand Rapids, MI January 6, 2014

Program Areas

Ornamental and Landscape Ecology

Water management and quality for nursery production including source water quality, irrigation management and runoff water quality and management. My program focuses on understanding agrichemical (pesticides, growth regulators, fertilizers) transport in container production systems. Additionally, we investigate methods to mitigate negative effects of agrichemical transport through retention at the site of application or remediated contaminated water using bioreactors.

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is being investigated as a method for improving inventory and plant tracking in container production. The goal is to integrate with methods of application of cultural practices (fertilization, pesticide application, etc.) in order to implement precision agriculture practices in a system where plants are mobile.

North Central Multi-state Project 1186, Founding member 2008, Chair, 2008 – 2010; Past-chair 2010 - present: Co-developer of multi-state project Water Management and Quality for Ornamental Crop Production and Health. I initiated this project with Dr. John Lea-Cox of the University of Maryland in Feb. 2008 with the intent of focusing on water management and quality concerns at a national level related to the ornamental industry. The purpose is to foster multi-institution and multi-disciplinary research and outreach in this focus area. Currently the development committee consists of members from all 4 national regions including members from all ten of the top ten nursery production states.