MSU Extension Integrated Pest Management

Arborvitae leafminer

larvae in mines; 1st generation

245-360

250, 300, 350

1

Arborvitae leafminer

2nd generation

533-700

500, 600, 700

1

Arborvitae leafminer

3rd generation

1700-2100

1700, 1900, 2000

1

Balsam gall midge

adults laying eggs

150-300

150, 200, 300

3

Balsam gall midge

galls apparent

550-700

550, 650, 700

3

Balsam twig aphid

egg hatch

60-100

50, 100

4

Balsam twig aphid

stem mothers present (control target)

100-150

100, 150

4

Black pineleaf scale

egg hatch

1068

1050

1

Cooley spruce gall adelgid

1st adults active - Spruce (control target)

25-120

50, 100

3

Cooley spruce gall adelgid

1st galls visible - Spruce

200-310

200, 250, 300

3

Cooley spruce gall adelgid

1st adults active - Douglas fir

90-180

100, 150

1

Cooley spruce gall adelgid

1st nymphs - Douglas fir (control target)

90-150

100, 150

3

Cooley spruce gall adelgid

2nd nymphs - Douglas fir (control target)

600-1000

600, 800, 1000

3

Cooley spruce gall adelgid

2nd adults active (control target)

1500-1600

1500, 1550, 1600

3

Eastern pine shoot borer

1st adults active

75-200

50, 100, 200

3

Eastern spruce gall adelgid

1st adults active (control target)

25-100

50, 100

3

Eastern spruce gall adelgid

egg hatch, galls begin forming

250-310

250, 300

1,3

Eastern spruce gall adelgid

2nd adults active (control target)

1500-1600

1500, 1550, 1600

3

Euonymus scale

egg hatch - 2nd generation

1900-1050

*

1

European pine sawfly

1st larvae

100-195

100, 150, 200

1,3

European pine shoot moth

1st larvae

50-220

50, 100, 200

3

European pine shoot moth

egg hatch

900-1000

900, 950, 1000

3

European pine shoot moth

adults active

700-800

700, 750, 800

3

Gypsy moth

egg hatch, 1st larvae

145-200

150, 200

1, 3

Gypsy moth

young caterpillars

450

450

1

Gypsy moth

pupation

900-1200

900, 1000, 1200

3

Introduced pine sawfly

1st larvae

400-600

400, 500, 600

3

Jack pine budworm

young larvae feeding

300-350

300, 350

3

Jack pine budworm

large larvae feeding - defoliation apparent

650-700

650, 700

3

Jack pine sawfly

eggs; young larvae

100-200

100, 150, 200

1

Jack pine sawfly

larger larvae consuming needles

275-500

250, 350, 500

1

Juniper scale

egg hatch

550-700

550, 600, 700

1

Larch casebearer

egg hatch

120-150

100, 150

1

Northern pine weevil

1st adults active

25-100

50, 100

3

Northern pine weevil

2nd adults active

1200-1400

1200, 1300, 1400

3

Pales weevil

1st adults active

25-100

50, 100

3

Pales weevil

2nd adults active

1200-1400

1200, 1300, 1400

3

Pine chafer (Anomela beetle)

1st adults active

450-600

450, 500, 600

3

Pine engraver (Ips bark beetle)

1st adults active

100-150

100, 150

100, 150

Pine needle midge

1st adults active

400-500

400, 450, 500

3

Pine needle scale

1st generation egg hatch

250-400

250, 300, 400

1,3,5,7

Pine needle scale

1st generation - hyaline stage (control target)

400-500

400, 500

5

Pine needle scale

2nd generation egg hatch

1250-1350

1250, 1300, 1350

1,3,5

Pine needle scale

2nd generation - hyaline stage (control target)

1500

1500

5

Pine root collar weevil

1st adults active

300-350

300, 350

3

Pine root collar weevil

2nd adults active

1200-1400

1200, 1300, 1400

3

Pine shoot beetle

new adults emerge; begin shoot-feeding

500-550

500, 550

6

Pine shoot beetle

optimal control window

450-500

450, 500

6

Pine tortoise scale

egg hatch begins; 1st crawlers

400-500

400, 450, 500

3

Pine tortoise scale

egg hatch ends; last of the crawlers

1000-1200

1000, 1100, 1200

3

Pine tube moth

adults; egg laying; caterpillars

90-250

100, 200, 250

1

Red-headed pine sawfly

1st larvae

400-600

400, 500, 600

3

Spruce budscale

egg hatch, 1st crawlers

700-1150

700, 900, 1150

1,3

Spruce budworm

1st larvae

200-300

200, 250, 300

3

Spruce needleminer

1st larvae

150-200

150, 200

3

Spruce spider mite

1st egg hatch

150-175

150, 200

1,3

Striped pine scale

egg hatch

750-800

750, 800

1

Turpentine beetle

parent beetles colonizing brood material

300-350

300, 350

3

White pine weevil

1st adults active

25-220

50, 100, 200

3

White pine weevil

2nd adults active

1200-1400

1200, 1300, 1400

3

Zimmerman pine moth

1st larvae

25-100

50, 100

7

Zimmerman pine moth

adult flight

1700

1700

1

References
1 = Herms,D.A. Using degree days and plant phenology to predict pest activity. Chapter 11. Tactics and Tools for IPM.
2 = Sadof, C.S. 1994. Recommendations for managing insects and mites on shade trees and shrubs. Purdue University, Dept. of Entomology publication E-41. West Lafayette, IN. 117 p.
3 = MSU observations
4 = Fondren, K. and D.G. McCullough. 2002. Biology and management of balsam twig aphid. MSU Extension bulletin E-2813. 4 p.
5 = Fondren, K. and D.G. McCullough. 2002. Biology and management of pine needle scale. MSU Extension bulletin E-2812. 4 p.
6 = McCullough, D.G. and C.S. Sadof. 1998. Evaluation of an integrated management and compliance program for Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in pine Christmas tree fields. Forum Article, Journal of Economic Entomology 91:785-795.
7 = Eliason, E.A. and D.G. McCullough. 1997. Survival and fecundity of three insects reared on four varieties of Scotch pine Christmas trees. Journal of Economic Entomology 90:1598-1608.