GDD of Landscape Insects
The table below shows the growing degree days (GDD) for forecasting landscape insect life stages. Read about using growing degree days for integrated pest management.
GDD for forecasting landscape insect life stages | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Insect |
Life stage |
GDD50 |
Relevant degree day maps |
Reference |
American plum borer |
adult flight and egg laying |
245-440 |
1 |
|
American plum borer |
2nd generation |
1375-1500 |
1 |
|
Arborvitae leafminer |
larvae in mines; 1st generation |
245-360 |
1 |
|
Arborvitae leafminer |
2nd generation |
533-700 |
1 |
|
Arborvitae leafminer |
3rd generation |
1700-2100 |
1 |
|
Balsam gall midge |
adults laying eggs |
150-300 |
3 |
|
Balsam gall midge |
galls apparent |
550-700 |
3 |
|
Balsam twig aphid |
egg hatch |
60-100 |
4 |
|
Balsam twig aphid |
stem mothers present (control target) |
100-140 |
4 |
|
Banded ash clearwing borer |
adult emergence |
1800-2200 |
1,2 |
|
Beech scale |
eggs present |
800 |
3 |
|
Beech scale |
egg hatch; 1st crawlers |
1250 |
3 |
|
Birch leafminer |
1st adult emergence |
175-215 |
1 |
|
Birch leafminer |
Adults laying eggs |
275-375 |
2 |
|
Birch leafminer |
larvae and pupae |
375-500 |
2 |
|
Birch leafminer |
adults and egg laying; 2nd generation |
600-700 |
2 |
|
Black pineleaf scale |
egg hatch |
1068 |
1 |
|
Bronze birch borer |
adults; eggs; new grubs |
400-600 |
1,2 |
|
Cankerworm |
young caterpillars |
100-200 |
1 |
|
Cooley spruce gall adelgid |
1st adults active - Spruce (control target) |
25-120 |
3 |
|
Cooley spruce gall adelgid |
1st galls visible - Spruce |
200-310 |
3 |
|
Cooley spruce gall adelgid |
1st adults active - Douglas fir |
90-180 |
1 |
|
Cooley spruce gall adelgid |
1st nymphs - Douglas fir (control target) |
90-150 |
3 |
|
Cooley spruce gall adelgid |
2nd nymphs - Douglas fir (control target) |
600-1000 |
3 |
|
Cooley spruce gall adelgid |
2nd adults active (control target) |
1500-1600 |
3 |
|
Cottony maple scale |
adults & yellow crawlers on leaf veins |
802-1200 |
1,2 |
|
Dogwood borer |
adults, eggs, caterpillars |
350-850 |
1,2 |
|
Eastern pine shoot borer |
1st adults active |
75-200 |
3 |
|
Eastern spruce gall adelgid |
1st adults active (control target) |
25-100 |
3 |
|
Eastern spruce gall adelgid |
egg hatch, galls begin forming |
250-310 |
1,3 |
|
Eastern spruce gall adelgid |
2nd adults active (control target) |
1500-1600 |
3 |
|
Eastern tent caterpillar |
egg hatch |
45-100 |
1,2,3 |
|
Eastern tent caterpillar |
tents apparent |
150 |
3 |
|
Eastern tent caterpillar |
pupation |
450 |
3 |
|
Elm leaf beetle |
1st generation |
400-600 |
1 |
|
Elm leaf beetle |
2nd generation |
1300 |
1 |
|
Elm leafminer |
adult emergence |
215-240 |
1 |
|
Elm leafminer |
1st generation larvae |
365-530 |
2 |
|
Emerald ash borer |
1st adult emergence |
400-500 |
3 |
|
Emerald ash borer |
peak adult activity |
1000-1200 |
* |
|
Euonymus scale |
egg hatch - 1st generation |
400-575 |
1 |
|
Euonymus scale |
egg hatch - 2nd generation |
1900-1050 |
* |
1 |
European pine sawfly |
1st larvae |
100-195 |
1,3 |
|
European pine shoot moth |
1st larvae |
50-220 |
3 |
|
European pine shoot moth |
egg hatch |
900-1000 |
3 |
|
European pine shoot moth |
adults active |
700-800 |
3 |
|
Fall webworm |
egg hatch |
850-900 |
1 |
|
Fall webworm |
caterpillars feeding |
1200-1800 |
2 |
|
Fall webworm |
tents become apparent |
1850-2050 |
3 |
|
Fletcher scale |
egg hatch |
850-900 |
1 |
|
Forest tent caterpillar |
egg hatch |
125-250 |
3 |
|
Forest tent caterpillar |
pupation |
450 |
3 |
|
Forest tent caterpillar |
tachinid parasitic flies abundant |
450-550 |
3 |
|
Forest tent caterpillar |
sarcophagid parasitic flies abundant ("government fly" or "friendly fly") |
750-850 |
* |
|
Golden oak scale |
Egg hatch |
680-700 |
1 |
|
Greater peach tree borer |
adult emergence |
575-710 |
1 |
|
Gypsy moth |
egg hatch, 1st larvae |
145-200 |
1, 3 |
|
Gypsy moth |
young caterpillars |
450 |
1 |
|
Gypsy moth |
pupation |
900-1200 |
3 |
|
Honeylocust spider mite |
egg hatch |
220-250 |
1 |
|
Honeylocust plant bug |
egg hatch |
220-250 |
1,3 |
|
Introduced pine sawfly |
1st larvae |
400-600 |
3 |
|
Imported willow leaf beetle |
Adults active |
120-275 |
1 |
|
Jack pine budworm |
young larvae feeding |
300-350 |
3 |
|
Jack pine budworm |
large larvae feeding - defoliation apparent |
650-700 |
3 |
|
Jack pine sawfly |
eggs; young larvae |
100-200 |
1 |
|
Jack pine sawfly |
larger larvae consuming needles |
275-500 |
1 |
|
Japanese beetle |
adults emerge and feed |
950-2150 |
1,2 |
|
Juniper scale |
egg hatch |
550-700 |
1 |
|
Larch casebearer |
egg hatch |
120-150 |
1 |
|
Large aspen tortrix |
pupation |
600-700 |
3 |
|
Lesser peach tree borer |
adult flight |
350-375 |
1,2 |
|
Lilac borer |
adult flight |
325-350 |
1,2 |
|
Magnolia scale |
egg hatch |
1925-1950 |
1 |
|
Mimosa webworm |
egg hatch - 1st generation |
850-900 |
1 |
|
Northern pine weevil |
1st adults active |
25-100 |
3 |
|
Northern pine weevil |
2nd adults active |
1200-1400 |
3 |
|
Oystershell scale |
egg hatch |
350-500 |
1 |
|
Pales weevil |
1st adults active |
25-100 |
3 |
|
Pales weevil |
2nd adults active |
1200-1400 |
3 |
|
Pine chafer (Anomela beetle) |
1st adults active |
450-600 |
3 |
|
Pine engraver (Ips bark beetle) |
1st adults active |
100-150 |
100, 150 |
|
Pine needle midge |
1st adults active |
400-500 |
3 |
|
Pine needle scale |
1st generation egg hatch |
250-400 |
1,3,5,7 |
|
Pine needle scale |
1st generation - hyaline stage (control target) |
400-500 |
5 |
|
Pine needle scale |
2nd generation egg hatch |
1250-1350 |
1,3,5 |
|
Pine needle scale |
2nd generation - hyaline stage (control target) |
1500 |
5 |
|
Pine root collar weevil |
1st adults active |
300-350 |
3 |
|
Pine root collar weevil |
2nd adults active |
1200-1400 |
3 |
|
Pine shoot beetle |
new adults emerge; begin shoot-feeding |
500-550 |
6 |
|
Pine shoot beetle |
optimal control window |
450-500 |
6 |
|
Pine tortoise scale |
egg hatch begins; 1st crawlers |
400-500 |
3 |
|
Pine tortoise scale |
egg hatch ends; last of the crawlers |
1000-1200 |
3 |
|
Pine tube moth |
adults; egg laying; caterpillars |
90-250 |
1 |
|
Red-headed pine sawfly |
1st larvae |
400-600 |
3 |
|
Spruce budscale |
egg hatch, 1st crawlers |
700-1150 |
1,3 |
|
Spruce budworm |
1st larvae |
200-300 |
3 |
|
Spruce needleminer |
1st larvae |
150-200 |
3 |
|
Spruce spider mite |
1st egg hatch |
150-175 |
1,3 |
|
Striped pine scale |
egg hatch |
750-800 |
1 |
|
Turpentine beetle |
parent beetles colonizing brood material |
300-350 |
3 |
|
Walnut caterpillar |
egg hatch; caterpillars |
1600-1700 |
1 |
|
White pine weevil |
1st adults active |
25-220 |
3 |
|
White pine weevil |
2nd adults active |
1200-1400 |
3 |
|
Zimmerman pine moth |
1st larvae |
25-100 |
7 |
|
Zimmerman pine moth |
adult flight |
1700 |
1 |
|
References |